The Total Number Of Clinical Trials

·  Based on your review of the statistics in the study, do you agree with the study’s conclusions? Why or why not?

While these studies provide positive results the draw back to them are that the sample groups for each were considerably small which means that there is insufficient evidence to support

The results of the study were not useful to the population over a months’ time but over the years the study many show signs of progress (Rolleri, Wilson, Paluzzi, and Sedivy, 2008).

The process used to pool the data together was clinical trial decision making. The main factors influencing this process consist of patient, provider, and treatment. Two studies specifically explored decision making by the patient. Education requirements impacted decision making since understanding the risks and benefits of clinical trials was the most important factor taken into consideration by the patient. Educational interventions were noted to have increased patient enrollment. (Biedrzycki, 2010).

The number of participants in this study in each condition was 20. This is a quarter of the number of participants in the Chen et al study, which had 80 participants in each condition. Byford (2014) states that it is difficult to take the results of a small sample size and apply the results to the general population, and therefore one must be prudent when applying these results to a project or advertisement.

The author believes that biomedical research is the way of better understanding medicine and without randomized clinical trials the field of medicine will have insufficient information. He argues that randomized clinical trials are the most scientifically sound and ethically correct means of evaluating new therapies. The belief of a physician being unethical when running randomized clinical trials is rejected by this article because previous trials on patients can have a better outcome on future patients. This article stresses that randomized clinical trials must be carefully designed that has an intended purpose of gathering data to improve the wellbeing of patients. If the patient is to endure a clinical trial he/she must be properly informed of the risks of the trial and the health of the patient should be high priority. Overall this article explains the importance of randomized clinical trials and debunks the idea of randomized clinical trials as being unethical. This article uses a utilitarian point of view and gives reasons why these trials can be in the best interests for both the patient and society.

with significant results possibly being a side effect of large sample sizes. Further there were

The study will be separated into two groups, one will be the experimental group that will receive the intervention while the control group will receive pain medication. The intervention that the

This study was limited due to the small sample size. Although the conclusions are valid, more research with a

Out of the ten studies, two studies served as random control trials, while five were tested as controlled trials. The last three studies did not include a control group. 204 children took part in the trials cumulatively and was broken down as followed: 99 patients were participating in therapeutic interventions, where 75 were chosen as the control. Eight of the trials did not specify a cancer type and had a variety of diagnosis while the last two focused strictly on bone cancers and patients receiving stem cell transplants. (Rustler, et al., 2017)

The use of statistics in medicine plays a significant role. Pharmaceutical companies use statistics quite often and most the time Medication are placed in the market after they pass the clinical trial phases. Phase I usually is conducted in healthy volunteers and the purpose is to determine the drug's most frequent side effects and the drugs metabolism and excretion. The number of subjects under this trial ranges between 20 to 80. Phase 2 begin if Phase 1 doesn't reveal unacceptable toxicity. The emphasis in Phase 2 is on the effectiveness of the drug in people with certain disease or condition. Patients receiving the drug are compared with patients receiving placebo. Usually, the number of subjects in Phase 2 studies ranges from a few dozen to about 300. In Phase 3 Clinical Trial, the Food Drugs Administration and sponsors try to come to an agreement and a large-scale studies must be done. Phase 3 studies gather more information about safety and effectiveness, studying different populations, dosages and evaluating the drug interaction. The number of subjects ranges from several hundred to about 3,000 individuals. Phase 4 is the evaluation of the drug in the market. Definitely, Pharmaceutical companies need statistics to

The sample size should reach 120; which gives us 60 subjects in the control and experimental group respectively. The calculation of the required sample size (Hulley et al., 2013) is based on the effect size (0.34) reported in a meta-analysis of interventions to improve medication adherence (Easthall, Song, & Bhattacharya, 2013). The participants will be individually randomly assigned to the control or intervention group by the health care providers. The researcher staff that provides and assesses the intervention will not interfere with the randomization

One limitation I may have with my sample is that some customers that I may ask to be involved will not accept and therefore will have to find other customers who may not help with my study as much as the first person.

Therefore, based on this information appropriate original sample sizes were selected. On the negative side, even after pilot studies, questionnaires contained certain limitations, including lack of details about expected outcomes of the study, better structure of questions, etc.

Quantitative studies are primarily numbers based. They deal with large cohort groups as well as analyze large amounts of data. “A quantitative