The Toxicology Of Cosmetic Chemicals

To prevent water pollution, chemicals themselves also have to be regulated more strictly. In Australia, only chemicals on the NICNAS Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS) can be imported or manufactured for industrial use("Chemicals…”).. Moreover, new chemicals have to be tested by four major Commonwealth schemes of registration and assessment ("Chemicals…”). On the other hand, the Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A) that acts as our chemical regulators has mandated safety testing for only a small percentage of the 85,000 industrial chemicals available for use today (Urbina,

Also depicted in this paper is the type of cancers caused by each chemical and other related health problems associated with each chemical. Finally, the role of government agencies such as FDA, EPA and OSHA in preventing excessive amount or zero amounts of toxic chemicals from entering the environment will be discussed. The last paragraphs will enumerate the inferred conclusion from my research on Agent Orange, DDT and Benzene.

Also depicted in this paper is the type of cancers caused by each chemical and other related health problems associated with each chemical. Finally, the role of government agencies such as FDA, EPA and OSHA in preventing excessive amount or zero amounts of toxic chemicals from entering the environment will be discussed. The last paragraphs will enumerate the inferred conclusion from my research on Agent Orange, DDT and Benzene.

“Chemical hazards pose an external or internal physiological threat to one or more parts of the human body. This hazard can cause both short/long term health and physical effects depending on route of entry, toxicity, amount and duration of exposure” (Haight, 2012, p. 60).

The FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), the largest of six FDA centers, plays an essential rule in public safety and health by ensuring that the available drugs in the market are safe and effective for their proposed use. CDER mission is to regulate new drugs, including over-the-counter and prescription treatments, and provide doctors and patients with necessary information to use these drugs wisely and efficiently. CDER, however, is not responsible for testing drugs even though the Center Office of Testing and Research partially investigates areas of the drug quality, safety, and effectiveness.

The Food and Drug Administration is the oldest consumer protection agency in the United States (FDA) (Food and Drug Administration [FDA], 2009a). The agency grew from a single chemist in 1862 to a staff of 15,000 in 2014 2014, with employees consisting of chemists, pharmacologist, physicians, microbiologists, veterinarians, pharmacists (Swann, 2014). From recalls of food products to the monitoring of the safety of our medicine sources, the Food and Drug Administration ensures that they are both safe and wholesome (FDA, 2010b). The FDA also ensures that the cosmetics we use won’t harm consumers, and that radiation-emitting product such as microwaves are secure and effective (FDA, 2010b).

The U.S. Federal Government has complete control on regulating all (legal or illegal) drugs based on the effectiveness in therapeutic values and the benefits obtained in medical treatment. The government has established safety precautions for the protection of the public’s health under departmental supervision. The development of each new drug and the potential value of a drug in medical treatment are regulated by the Department of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Jill 278).

Some of the most tragic incidents noted in 1930 involved untested products, masses of women were blinded due to Lash Lure, a mascara containing a chemical which can burn the skin. One women had significantly severe burns which have caused infections that lead to her death. In addition, Elixir Sulfanilamide, a new medication for cough has caused the death of more than 100 people in 1937. (4) The two tragic incidents have caused the necessity for animal testing and accordingly, in 1938, the ‘U.S law has required animal safety testing of drugs and cosmetics’ (4) due to the consequences of untested products which have resulted in numerous, catastrophic

The United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) was established to set the standards for the manufacture, nomenclature, indications, and chemical characteristics of drugs and continues to do so today. In 1938, the Pure Food and Drug Act created the FDA, to ensure the, “safety, efficacy, and appropriate labeling and advertising of pharmaceutical products before approving them for sale” (Blum, 2002). Prescription drugs are developed and both pre-clinical and

The Food and Drug Administration is the most crucial organization that is affiliated with reducing adverse drug events. Its mission as a department is to “[protect] the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy and security of human and veterinary drugs.” Under the United States Department of Health & Human Services, the FDA is also responsible to provide scientific studies and statistics to help citizens improve and maintain their health. This is achieved by carrying out surveys and influencing residency programs to be aware of these problems.The FDA also has close knit relationships with pharmaceutical companies to ensure safety and quality of drugs (David 2010). Therefore, this department has a broad regulatory authority that oversees

Safety trials to test consumables, newly constructed drugs, chemically enhanced cleaning products, skin care creams, and cosmetic beauty products.

Having laws banning the use of all dangerous chemicals in beauty products will be a step further into dodging many health dangers. On average, most women use approximately 12 beauty products with 168 different ingredients daily, some of which may be associated

The cosmetology industry has been infamously known for their lack of regulations on companies that produce beauty products. The companies do not operate through the FDA, so they are able to exclude important information from labels. In the past, manufacturers could omit ingredients from labels, claiming the right to protect trade secrets (Nguyen 2). More than 9,000 chemicals are found in cosmetic products; however, only half of them can be found on the labels (Pak 2). Because of the label loopholes, the chemicals in the products have also become unregulated. According to Nguyen at Organic Consumers Association, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not saftey test ingredients used in cosmetic or personal care products before they are sold to the public (2). This leads to toxic chemicals being circulated in the public market. Additionally, if there is not a way to

Cosmetics are substances that are applied onto the body and/or face to enhance a person’s looks or scent. Cosmetics can be make-up which is mostly used by women and it is to enhance a female’s appearance. It is normally applied to face, hair, and body. Cosmetics has been used throughout society since Ancient times. In Ancient Egypt, cosmetic chemistry was being used before anyone knew it related to chemistry. Cosmetics was being used for many reasons in Ancient times. It is said that Cleopatra bathed in donkey milk to keep skin smooth, this is an example to show that chemistry is being used for the benefit of skin care. Skin care is another example of cosmetic chemistry being used. Skin care has been an important factor in society. Skin care has been around since 3000 BC in Ancient Egypt. This was prepared by natural materials.

This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN DRUG REGULATORY AFFAIRS