The Trade beyond Borders

International Trade helps boost development and also reduces poverty by generating growth through increased commercial opportunities and investment, as well as broadening the productive base through private sector development. it also enhances competitiveness by helping developing countries reduce the cost of inputs, acquire finance through investments, increase the value added of their products and move up the global value chain.

The Trans-Atlantic Trade has diversified the economy more in the North than in the South. While Southern farmers were able to acquire more lands and so more slaves; Northern farmers had to look for other opportunities. The economic development in the eighteenth century combined with the population growth changes the way people saw themselves, but also the way people understand the authority that surrounded them. Economic growth in America also led to the development of social life with the diversification of the society. While the market economy created those with wealth and those who seemed to be permanently poor, social hierarchy became challenged by the social stratification of the society. Blackburn, Robin (1997) highlights in his article

The term trade can defined as the movement of goods and consumables across the boundaries of the two regions in order to promote the access to items which are distinct in one region but surplus in the other. The international trade is as old as the history of mankind. Earlier when there was no concept of countries, the trade simply meant the movement of goods to far distant places. As soon as man realized that an access is needed to items that are not available in his region, he travelled and found them abroad. Now the difficulty was to gain control over those items while maintaining peace. This was how, the term barter and trade came into existence and people started to enter into agreements to transfer goods for goods or goods for money.

Global trade first began towards the beginning of 15th century. Due to enhancement in travel people were able to travel farther and trade more goods. People were developing better crops to

Trade is generally known as the buying and selling of goods from one person to another, “international trade would involve at minimum two countries and can go up to however many want to participate in the trade”1 and have something to offer that the there corresponding countries are willing to accept. Trade involves a lot of protection backed by the governments of the countries trading; hence, there are a number of common arguments in favor of protection. These may help certain groups within a country, or even may help a nation achieve some overall goal entirely. When it comes to trade there are numerous arguments put forward, some of which I will be discussing in this paper such as government

Trade refers to the activities of different parties that involve voluntary negotiations and exchange of goods and services between them . Trade has existed traditional with an evolution of the conventions of exchange through that different period. Initially, people exchanged goods to receive others or to gain a service from another person. The name for this strategy of business is barter trade, but it has faded considerably in the modern markets . The traditions have changed since the advent of money and currencies that now serve as the central medium for trade. Despite the evolution of the mediums of exchange, the principles of trade have remained the same where different parties offer some commodities in return for others. The theory opens up to the idea of the international trade that refers to the exchange of goods and services between the borders of two or more countries . The argument behind the establishment of trade is to ensure that the commodities get a way of distribution around the market so that different people can access them. The technique gives an opportunity to people to satisfy the demand that others have in different regions and gain other goods or services from them. It enables people to substitute the products they have in surplus for those they do not have.

Firstly, I would like to put some light on the trade market that was there is late 1800s and early 1900s. This was the time when businesses used to trade within their countries only. Slowly businesses started growing. This was the time when the entrepreneurs started trading globally. Hence, in 1950s the growing of businesses internationally was termed as ‘Globalisation’. Globalisation is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange (http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/globalisation/globalisation_rev1.shtml). Globalisation has increased trade internationally. Firms which were national firms are today Multinational Companies. Globalisation has rapidly increased in the last 50 years. Hence globalisation has resulted in increasing demand of the products, hence benefiting the economies of scale. As there is an increase in investment by the companies, there is sharing of knowledge and technology between the countries. It has also helped to reduce unemployment all around the world. But like everything, globalisation also has its disadvantages. As countries are becoming more and more dependent on each other, a bad economic shock in one country can affect the economy of other countries as well(http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Global_economics/Globalisation_introduction.html). It has also

As we all know, global trade is no easy, companies cannot just ship their products to another country and sell it in the foreign market, there are many factors need to be considered and analysis. In my point of view, the factor can be separate into internal and external factors.

International trade has two important characteristics that set it apart from trade within the boundaries of any given country. These two productive factors can sometimes be an opportunity or threat. First, each country, or group of countries has its own currency. Producers in any given country want to be paid in that currency, and buyers want to use it to pay for goods and services. Second, nationalism, regionalism, and political objectives are inevitably injected into trade relationships among nations. All sorts of restrictions to trade are enacted by governments to further political ends, even though the trade, if allowed, would have been in the best

Figure 1 shows the transition to free trade, before free trade came about there was trade barriers between countries. Following that there was treaties and agreements between countries that started to weaken the trade barriers before they disappeared. The trade

International trade has been a part of life from the time people could travel to other places, be it by their own power in walking, or by use of an animal to ride, then by ships, followed by trains, automobiles, and finally airplanes. As with every invention, technological advancements enhanced each one of these modes of transportation, perhaps, besides by a person own power. This allows for movement of products to move faster across nations, though these advancements were long before the time we will explore further in this paper, they can be seen as an important part of international trade.

Ever since the beginning of the United States of America, there has been a network of producers, distributors, and buyers of many different services and products. This network of people makes up the United States economy. Every economy is different all around the world and each has its own unique strengths and weaknesses according to the types of markets inside that economy. There are a numerous amount ways that an economy can grow and develop. One example of this is international trade. International trade is a huge part of the current advancement in the United States economy in three major ways: cultural improvement, monetary maturity, and professional betterment.

As what we know, trade is what the activities which involved in selling and buying. However, when we sell our product or services to other nations or country, we called this as exporting, also, if we buy the foreign goods or services from other country, this act is importing. When selling and buying is happened in the same time, international trade was happen.

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Globalization shapes the world economy in different ways. Most obviously, international trade and capital flows are affected. Over the last 30 years or so, international trade has grown faster on average than production, implying a more integrated world economy. Closer integration brings about opportunities for specialization, and hence increases interdependencies. This is highlighted by changes in the structure of world trade. For example, international sourcing, i.e. the purchase of intermediate inputs from foreign sources, has grown faster than domestic sourcing and now accounts for about half of all imports by major countries [OECD 19946d]; intra-industry trade has