The Trail of Evidence From Treatment To Causes of Depression

Immune System: When people are under intense stress for a while, their immune systems may become dysregulated, leading to lower functioning of important white blood cells called lymphocytes and to increased production of C-reactive protein (CRP), a protein that spreads throughout the body and causes inflammation and various illnesses. Some studies suggest that immune system dysregulation of this kind may help produce depression.

In the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic & Statistical Manual (APA, 2000) the symptoms of depression are: loss of interest or enjoyment in activities; changing in weight and appetite; changes to sleep pattern; loss of energy; feeling worthless or guilty; suicidal thoughts; poor concentration and being either agitated or slowed up.

Depression is a common mental disorder, characterized by sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, feelings of tiredness, and poor concentration. Depression can be long-lasting or recurrent, substantially impairing an individual’s ability to function at work or school or cope with daily

One of the most common psychiatric disorders is known as clinical depression and affects anywhere between 3% and 13% of the population with some form of depressive symptoms affecting as much as 20% of the adult population at some point in their lives (Amenson & Lewinson, 1981; Kessler et al., 1994; Oliver & Simmons, 1985, as cited in Antonuccio, Danton, & DeNelsky, p. 574). The concept of ‘harmful dysfunction’ advanced by Horwitz and Wakefield (2007) describes two key components of clinical depression: a dysfunctional mechanism and the dysfunction being harmful to the individual (as cited in, Parker & Paterson, p.405). This paper explores the following questions: what does research indicate about clinical depression and what are the implications for treatment? Reviews are presented in regards to the emergence of depression and psychotherapy versus medication to treat clinical depression. Considerations are briefly discussed and the research paper will conclude with an interpretation of the critical points.

Major depression is a commonly diagnosed psychological disorder affecting individuals’ ability to feel happiness and peace of mind. Those who suffer experience negative emotions, lack of motivation, changes in behaviour and dysfunctional cognitive symptoms. Depression is classified by the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) as five of more of the listed symptoms present persistently over the same two weeks. One of these symptoms must be depressed mood or loss of interest in previously pleasurable activities. Depression causes disruption to typical daily life such as inability to maintain friendships and jobs. Other symptoms outlined by the DSM-5 include; insomnia, fatigue and recurrent thoughts of death. There is much debate over what exactly causes depression. Biological explanations question hereditary and neurotransmitter factors. While psychological theories include the cognitive ideas of Beck’s negative triad and hopelessness theory. This essay will focus on the ways in which psychological and biological explanations contrast and how their theories can overlap to better understand depression.

This paper will focus on depressive disorders, and it will describe what they are, how they manifest themselves, what causes them and/or what makes certain individuals susceptible to the disorder as compared to others. This piece will also describe the most common treatment practices, and the effectiveness of these treatments. It will conclude by offering some testimonials from individuals who suffer from depressive disorders as well as some additional commentary about depressive disorders and their implications/challenges.

It can make a person’s capability to function lower. Having depression can affect a person emotionally, physically, behaviorally, and in a person’s thoughts and perceptions. When a person is emotionally affected the symptoms include sadness, anxiety, guilt, anger, mood swings, lack of emotional responsiveness, helplessness, and hopelessness. When a person is physically affected the symptoms include chronic fatigue, lack of energy, sleeping too much or too little, overeating or loss of appetite, constipation, weight loss or gain, irregular menstrual cycle, loss of sexual desire, and unexplained aches or pains. When a person is behaviorally affected the symptoms include crying spells, withdrawal from others, neglect of responsibilities, lost of interest in personal appearance, loss of motivation, and worrying.

Exploring Psychology, the text book decribe mood disorders such as major depressive disorder as a sickness. Much like how a person would be diagnosed with any other disease. Like Czechs study, It describes how and why our bodies correspond to mental illness and explains how thoughts and feelings can be explained through the biopsychosocial approach. Module 39: Basic Concepts of Psychological Disorders and Mood Disorders, in particular, discusses how different cultures have different stressors, as well as the genetic factors behind why people become depressed. It confirms that depression and schizophrenia are common disorders in many countries globally (Psychology 2013). This article informs readers that depression is a full body disorder and not an imaginary one. It has miserable physical effects and can be treated which chemicals and medication like many other diseases. Most believe that the depressed should simply “get over” their symptoms and move on but many fail to understand some may need extra help

Examples of this include someone having a decreased interest in activities followed by low levels of energy and or high levels of fatigue. They may also experience insomnia like symptoms which results in a scattered sleeping times furthermore negatively effecting the circadian rhythm. Reports of being extremely bored and having difficulties in concentration also are very likely in a state of depression. Lastly, increased thoughts of death or suicide are common when a person is experiencing a depressed

A few basic symptoms of depression include, mood and lack of interests in many of the things a person has enjoyed in the past.In addition a depressed person finds it very difficult with their sleep patterns.(2008 Rudy V. Nydegger). Poor nutritional choices we make in everyday life like simple carbohydrates,sugar,overeating uually leads to weight gain. Most depressed people have a reduction of energy.However,some people are very anxious or agitated.(2008 Rudy V. Nydegger).Another characteristic of depression a person experiences is negative feelings about themselves and general pessimism.A person who thinks always like this can lead to suicidal thoughts. (2008 Rudy V. Nydegger). Lack of cognitive and intellectual efficiency are very common in

People of all ages, backgrounds, and walks of life have felt depressed and unhappy at some time in their lives. These periods of sadness usually pass after a short time, but for some people, this feeling can remain for weeks, months, and even years. (1) This prolonged state of unhappiness is called major (or clinical) depression and is characterized by a persistent sad or "empty" mood, loss of interest in favorite activities, difficulty concentrating, and many other symptoms. It is not simply a mental state but an illness that interferes with the way people feel, function, and think.(2)

depression at all. That is why it is wise to remember that if a person is suffering from these symptoms, then that person will more then likely need some help. The psychological symptoms consist of (a) sadness - the most common and obvious symptom of depression. (b) Loss of Interest - This is when a person no longer feels like doing many of the things that he or she usually does. Including their favorite pastimes.

Depressed people, lack energy, talk and/or move slowly, may display signs of lethargy, or may frequently pace restlessly/aimlessly, increased crying, lack of appetite, lack of sexual appetite, and may suffer from irregular sleep cycles. Physical symptoms may include constipation, and less saliva

     People who usually experience depression, can seem fine. But there are many key signs to show that they are depressed. Such as, change in school performance, eating habits change, constant unhappiness, low self esteem, guilt, social isolation, inability to concentrate, irritable or angered easily, or has a severe lost of energy.

Depression has numerous causes and effects which affect not only the person but the people around them. Depression doesn’t have a specific cause; in most cases it’s different for everyone. It is a common, treatable mental illness that can be experienced at any time in life. It is often described with feeling sad, unhappy, miserable, or “down in the dumps”. Most people have these feelings on occasion. There are several types of depression. These different types of depression describe slight, but often important, diagnostic differences. True clinical depression interferes with mood disorder in everyday life for weeks, months, or even years. Most people think depression affects only one