The Transactional Theory Of Reading Essay

Reading and writing should be seen as interactive subjects rather than just reading or writing words on paper in ink. John Beans suggests that individuals should look at both reading and writing as conversations. In his article “Reading and Writing as Conversations” Bean states by envisioning yourself having a conversation with the author, referenced individuals, and characters, readers are more likely to better understand the text. Texts are seen as different conversations each text has a connection to another text. Such as if you were referencing a particular article,book,or quote in your text. Many people have a reason for reading different types of text. Some reasons could simply be because the individual wants to, needs to, discover new

Memory is a powerful concept. Often when an individual undergoes a traumatic situation, the ramifications of these actions seep into an individualfs psyche unknowingly. In effect this passes through memory and becomes sub-consciously buried within a personfs behavioural patterns generally. The Reader by Bernhard Schlink explores the concept of a young mans subconscious desire for a woman whom he gcanft remember to forgeth (1Memento) as she is so deeply inlaid within his soul.

Learning to read is beginning to develop earlier in elementary grades. Students are expected to be emergent readers by the time he or she leaves kindergarten and enters first grade. If a child is not, he or she is labeled as being behind. According to Hughes (2007) emergent readers are using early reading strategies in consistently, read easy patterned text, retell text with simple storyline, and respond to text at a literal level. Hughes (2007) also says literacy develops in young children through play, daily conversation and interactions with text of all kinds. Many children come with emergent literacy skills; can recognize signs and labels, scribble letters, retell stories by pointing at pictures and talking about them, and some have varying degrees of phonemic and phonological awareness. This essay will define and explain implication for each theory in learning to read.

“Learning to Read and Write” by Fredrick Douglas is a story about a slave breaking the bondage of ignorance by learning to read and write. During the course of 7 years Douglas discreetly teaches himself to read and write by means of stealing newspapers, trading food with poor white boys for knowledge and books, as well as copying his master’s handwriting. Douglas learning to read gave him extreme awareness of his condition as he says “…I would at times feel that learning to read had been a curse rather than a blessing. It had given me a view of my wretched condition, without the remedy” (Page 168-169). With his new consciousness he suffered with depression envying his fellow slaves for their

Knowing your students’ capabilities, time constraints, hobbies, schema, and socioeconomic status is crucial to teaching. Teachers who are familiar with their students have an advantage in planning their teaching for several reasons. The first is motivation. If a teacher understands what a student likes or dislikes, they can use this to their advantage. For example, if a student is having problems understanding order of operations, hates math, but really loves video games, you could have them explain the order of steps to beat their favorite video game and use that order of operations to show them the mathematical order of operations. In the same way, if a student is from a lower SES and must work a part-time job to help support their family, they may not be motivated to do homework and projects outside of the classroom. Being able to relate the importance of your content to students is key to motivation. If a student is not motivated, they will not learn, much less excel. The transactional Theory states that learning is a transaction between the student, context, and content with purpose. Each of these must be present for students to learn. Creating relevance to our content in each student’s life is critical to learning. We as teachers cannot create the context for learning or relevance if we do not know our students.

A Transactional Reader Response is described by Lois Tyson as the “[f]eelings, associations, and memories occur as we read, and those responses influence the way in which we make sense of the text as we move through it” (173). My past experiences made me able to relate to

It’s kind of crazy how stories you read can bring so many mental pictures in your mind of things you can relate to it. In Bobbie Ann Mason’s story, “Being Country”, I related very well to the country style of living. I, myself, lived in a very small country town in Texas, and know people just like the “country people” noted in Mason’s story.

Intra-Act is a reading technique that is aimed to develop readers’ ability to draw upon a reader’s personal values based on the selected texts they read or views of the world. It is a post reading activity done in a group of 4-6 students. According to Hoffman (1979), the Intra-Act process has four phases: Comprehension Phase, Relational Phase , Valuation Phase , and Reflection Phase. In comprehension phase, students construct meaning from a text that offers differing viewpoints. At this stage, students read and summarize as groups. And then, they try to relate what they have learned about the topic with other texts and prior experiences (relational phase) by reacting to or connecting their own experiences with the opinion-based statements taken from the text. In valuation phase, students value their own and friends’ judgments about the topic. In the end, during reflective phase, students reflect on the decisions they have made. Some websites have claimed that the activity improve “students’ engagement and evaluative thinking, or value-based reasoning.” The fact that is done in groups, it is also believed that the activity would also improve students’ (group) problem solving and cooperative learning.

In Chapter 3, “Focusing the Reader” of Deeper Reading, Kelly Gallagher provides pre-service teachers with a greater understanding of the importance of frontloading students with background knowledge of readings. She explains through an anecdote that prior knowledge leads students to be “better prepared to read more, to comprehend more, and to learn more” (26). Without prior knowledge, students are unable to understand and retain information as well because, as Gallagher explains, it “helps you attach meaning when reading the passage” (27). Teachers should gauge students’ prior knowledge to the text before beginning with a unit to understand how to teach their students in a more meaningful manner. There are two key elements that Gallagher points out, through the reading of David Sousa, in how to frame information for students: “…be certain that today’s curriculum contains connections to their past experiences, not just [the teacher’s]… [And] how a person feels about a learning situation determines the amount of attention devoted to it” (28-29). These two points mean that: a teacher must connect students to personal experiences in order to bring to light universal issues in a text that they may not necessarily connect with on their own, and a teacher must be able to show purpose in the text that is “valid and worthwhile” (29) for the

With rapid changes in the society and scientific advancement of human race over the decades, the necessity and importance of reading has increased remarkably. It has become a pivotal skill a person should learn to be successful. However, the cultivation of reading as a hobby is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. As far as I am concerned, the growth of mental interests for reading is a long process, but that is worthwhile because reading has been a vital aid to my emotional and spiritual growth.

Writing has always been something I dread. It’s weird because I love talking and telling stories, but the moment I have to write it all down on paper, I become frantic. It’s almost as if a horse race just begun in my mind, with hundreds of horses, or words, running through my mind, unable to place them in chronological order. Because I struggle to form satisfying sentence structure, it takes me hours, sometimes even days, to write one paper. It’s not that I think I’m a “bad writer,” I just get discouraged easily. Needless to say, I don’t think highly of my writing skills. When I was little I loved to both read and write. I read just about any book I could get my hands on, and my journal was my go to for my daily adventures. Although it’s

My reading process overall is very strong and went smoothly. As I read I annotated the pages and this helped me stay more focused and connected with the reading. Today it was hard for me after I went to the bathroom and came back to the reading because I disconnected from the reading and had to try and dive straight back in. I also put my cell phone far away from me when I read or do homework so that I will not be tempted to look at the phone instead of completing my reading.

Students having hard times in comprehending the thought of the text and what the author implies. It seems to be reading by words but not reading between the lines. It is important to know how comprehension plays an integral part in a manner of thinking and conceptualizing facts and ideas from the

Reading has at all times and in all ages been a source of knowledge, of happiness, of pleasure and even moral courage. In today's world with so much more to know and to learn and also the need for a conscious effort to conquer the divisive forces, the importance of reading has increased. In the olden days if reading was not cultivated or encouraged, there was a substitute for it in the religious sermon and in the oral tradition. The practice of telling stories at bed time compensated to some extent for the lack of reading. In the nineteenth century Victorian households used to get together for an hour or so in the evenings and listen to books being read aloud. But today we not only read, we also want to read more and more and catch up

The beginning of my interest in reading goes way back, although I don’t have any defining “aha!” moment, where I all of a sudden enjoyed reading books. There were always books around when I was growing up, if I was at my grandparents house it was the books they kept from their youth; classics like Treasure Island or any Hemingway book, the hard covers permanently infused with dust; plenty of History books, particularly World War II history; and the children’s books I always received as presents when I visited. My mom also read a lot, but more modern books, like supernatural or light horror books, nothing too difficult (or scary). I spent a lot of time reading magazines, mostly Video Game (note: spent more time creating stories off the