The Transition Of Personnel Management

Armstrong (2009) defines Human Resource Management (HRM) as a strategic, integrated and coherent approach to the employment, development and well-being of the people working in organizations. Similarly, Legge (1989) defines Human resource management as a distinctive approach to employment management which seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic deployment of a highly committed and capable workforce, using an integrated array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques.

According to Johnason, P. in 2009, human resource management (HRM, or simply HR) is a functional department in organizations designed to capitalize on employee performance in service of an employer's strategic objectives. HR is mainly related to the management of people within organizations, focusing on policies and systems. HR departments and units in organizations in general, undertake a number of activities such as employee recruitment, training and development, performance appraisal, and rewarding in term of benefits and salary increment. HR is also concerned with industrial relations, that is, the balancing of organizational practices arising from collective bargaining and from governmental laws.

Human resources management is a business department and function that has the strategic approach to the management of the company’s employees. Armstrong (2006, p.3) defines HRM as ‘a strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organisation’s most valuable assets – the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of it objectives.’ The HR business function provides an organisation with administrative support regarding the laws and legislation of

Human resources management was defined as ‘a strategic, integrated and coherent approach to the employment, development and well-being of the people working in organizations’ by Boxall and Purcell (2003). Noon, 1992 (as cited in Armstrong, 2014 a, p6) drew ‘doubts of whether HRM was a map, a model or a theory. But it is evident that the original concept could be seen as a philosophy’. The human

Wright and McMahan (1994) define strategic HRM as “the pattern of planned Human Resource deployments and activities intended to enable the organisation to achieve its goals.” A HR function should impact the success of an organisation; a policy must remain current and suitable to both the internal and external environment. Ulrich and Lake (1990) affirm, ‘HRM systems can be the source of organisational capabilities that allow organisations to learn and capitalise on new opportunities.’

Human Resource Management (HRM) is a relatively new approach to managing people in any organization. It is concerned with the people dimension in management of an organization since people are considered the key resource in this approach. An organization is a body of people, their development of skills, their motivation for higher levels of attainment, their levels of commitment are all relevant activities.

HRM is an approach to employment management, which aims to achieve a competitive advantage through the strategic deployment of a committed and capable workforce using an array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques (Storey 2001). Ultimately, it focuses on the sharpening the ‘Labour’ and ‘Entrepreneurship’ factors of production. This means that the business can produce a high quality product to consumers with hopes of outshining competitors and achieving its strategic aims.

HRM is an organization that undergoes the process of managing people in a structure and manner. It is also a process of making the efficient and effective use of human resource so that the goals are achieve. Superior human resources are an important source of competitive advantage. And any factors that allow an organization to characterize its product or service from competitors to increase the market share are called competitive advantage. Competitive advantages can best be achieved by seeking improvement in the managing people, through better utilization of HRM. And also by translating strategy into HR policy and practice to produce the employee competencies and behavior that the company requires.

One of the most useful definitions of Human Resources Management (HRM) is “ HRM involves all management decisions and practices that directly affect or influence the people or Human resources who work for the organization”. - By Fisher,

Human Resources Management (HRM) terms had widely replace personnel management (PM) as in the process of managing people in the organizations. What actually is human resources management? Well, it is said that human resources management is an organization’s most valuable asset. Organization thinks that human resources department plays a huge role in terms of staffing, training and assisting to manage people so that the employee and the organization are capable to maximize the resources in the organization. (McNamara, 1998). Besides, in the global business, human resources management had effectively replaced other management traditions like Industrial Relations (IR) and Personnel Management (PM) as a tool to reshape

HRM is a significant approach to employment management which aims to accomplish competitive advantage through the strategic categorization of a profoundly dedicated and competent workforce, utilizing a variety of social, structural, and staff methods. (Storey, 1995)

There are a few theories supporting the act of HRM. Two of these theories; Resource-based View and Ability and Motivation and Opportunity theories give off an impression of being the most well-known theoretical frameworks used in the studies that connect HRM and organizational performance. The Resource-Based View (RBV) theory which mixes ideas from organizational economics (Penrose, 1959) and strategic management (Barney, 1991) has it that HRM conveys included worth through the strategic development of the organization’s rare, significant, difficult to emulate and difficult to substitute HR. The RBV sets up that competitive advantage no more lies in regular assets, technology or economies of scale, subsequent to these are anything but easy

HRM is typically seen as comprising a range of practices, spanning the acquisition of employees, employee development, and employee retention (Stone & Meltz, 1993). Quresh, et al (2010) quoted that human resource management is linked with all the managerial functions involved in planning for recruiting, selecting, developing, utilising, rewarding, and maximising the potential of the human resources in an organisation. Job satisfaction, morale, optimism, and turnover are key drivers of organisational performance (Becker & Gerhart, 1996).

Robert Plant once said that “The past is a stepping stone, not a millstone”, implicating that without the past, management would not be where it is now. The Ideas of Fredrick W. Taylor: An Evaluation by Locke (1982) has helped the understanding of contemporary management functions and the employer-employer relationship- because the past has evolved and progressed throughout time until we have what is known as contemporary management and employee-employer relations. Management theories and employee-employer relations have been expanded from Taylor Frederick’s scientific theory into multiple theories and strategies including contemporary

Human resource management is the art and science of managing people. The scope of HRM has broadened substantially due to an improved approach towards behavioural sciences and advances in training. New trends seem to have emerged managing the employees who are known as knowledge workers. HRM is now an integral function in today’s corporate world.