The Transtheoretical Model: A Case Study

Prochaska & DiClemente’s (1984) research suggests the Prochaska & DiClemente’s model of change is effective and has an impact in health promotion. The Prochaska & DiClemente’s model of change is becoming a more popular and widely used resource for health promotion; this is because it can be applied with a number of addictive behaviours such as smoking, drug use and alcohol abuse (Whitelaw, et al, 2000). The Prochaska & DiClemente’s model of change has six stages these include, Pre contemplation this is when the patient is not seriously considering change, Contemplation This is when the patient is thinking about change, Preparation when the

Explain how each of the “stages of behavior change” from the transtheoretical model of change can be applied to the health behavior.

The behaviour modified for this self-directed behaviour change project is smoking. Smoking was selected as the behaviour I wish to change because it is known that tobacco use is the leading cause of premature, preventable death and disease (Edwards, Bondy, Callaghan, & Mann, 2014). Smoking is a behaviour that has been recently initiated; I started smoking occasionally in August 2013 (one cigarette a few times a week) and intended to buy only the one pack. However over a period of several months, my smoking has increased. The rationale for this choosing this target behaviour is that it is still a relatively

The intrapersonal model focuses on health promotion and health education efforts in order to increase awareness of health-related issues among individuals, such as knowledge, attitudes, personal beliefs, and the individual’s skill set (Riegelman and Kirkwood, 2015). This is important because it zeros in on the individual and what they know and can do in order to allow for change. One of the many models within the intrapersonal theory is the transtheoretical model, also known as the stages of change model. The transtheoretical model’s constructs are that the individual goes through incremental stages when changing a behavior instead of making big changes all at the same time (Riegelman and Kirkwood, 2015). The first construct is the precontemplation stage, where the individual has not yet thought about changing their behavior. Next, is the contemplation stage, where the individual is actively thinking about the pros and cons of change. Then the next stage is preparation, where the individual is thinking about a plan of action. Next, is the action stage, where the change is taking place in the individual’s behavior. Finally, the maintenance stage, where the change becomes a permanent change in the individual’s lifestyle. (Riegelman and Kirkwood, 2015). The importance in this model is the ability

It can be assumed from these literature that these interventions are significantly effective. There is limited availability of research involving the use of smartphones and Fitbits in conjunction with the self-monitoring, goal setting, and feedback. More research on this subject is needed - specifically, including a larger participant pool with a wider age range would strengthen findings of the results. This would help with demonstration our group’s hypothesis of our study and the literature reviewed in this

Noreen and Janevic (2013) believe that the success of patients’ preventive and curative interventions depends on the individual’s willingness to take responsibility for and maintain the necessary behaviors. Sadly, studies have shown that there is poor adherence to recommended changes in lifestyle and behaviors including attending scheduled appointments for treatments (which are missed 35% of the time) and compliance prescribed medication. Due to the evidence of subpar participation in preventive care such as screening and immunization efforts, behavioral scientist have dedicated more research to studying and identifying what determines individual’s health behaviors. This is how individual theories of health behavioral change were developed.

Exercise behavior is the study of theories which work to explain actions and phenomenon’s that occur when looking at peoples perspectives of exercise. One overall theory called The Transtheoretical model (TTM), includes elements from “across a variety of theories and models behavior, some of which are social-cognitive in nature and some of which are not” (79). The TTM describes five stages of behavior change: Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance. By using TTM as the base of multiple theories, a greater picture of exercise behavior is created to understand how individuals become interested and continue to make a life style that involves normal exercise.

This model represents a gradual process toward behavior change by which the individual enters through various stages toward behavior stage (National Cancer Institute, 2005). For example a person who is overweight may not be interested at all in changing their dietary habits, therefore the strategy would be to increase this person’s awareness of the risks for not doing so, and the benefits of doing so. As the person contemplates making a change, they may say that they will change their diet in the next 6 months or so. This is where a motivational strategy may be put into plan (National Cancer Institute,

A new year, a fresh start, an opportunity to overhaul the habits we fall into. Year after year, folks reevaluate their lives and desire a change in how they about their day. Some decide to change their diets and eat healthier, while others decide make it to gym more frequently. Whatever the person’s attempted alteration may be, the common theme that everyone experiences a process of change. Along with this attempt at change, individuals making the change will often be challenged to return back to old habits. Although persistence shines for some, others will fall back into old habits once they experience the trade-off to abandoning a habit. Simply denoted as behavioral change, this process by which an individual

Our Communities have come to citizens with little to no patience. They have no motivation to change something if it takes a long time to achieve. One may often time put off the problem and procrastinate, or they will never make the change. This system goes through the grueling stages one must endure and persevere through to get this change.The four stages of the Transtheoretical Model of behavior Change by Prochaska that help shows these divisions, are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action stage, and maintenance stage. The first stage of change is precontemplation in which individuals may be cognizant of the change that they desire, however, they have no motivation to alter this problem. Often times this may be due to an inadequacy of insight into their problems. It is also within this

The transtheoretical model helps explain the patient’s behavior change related to the health aspects. As per this change agent, the patient’s purposeful behavior change consists of the cognitive and the performance-based elements. The five stages of the model are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and the maintenance stage (Virginia Tech Continuing & Professional Education, n.d.).

The Transtheoritical model (TTM) was utilized to support this health promotion paper. TTM offers guidance for individuals at all stages of readiness for change and it involves matching intervention approaches to an individual's current stage of change. Stage of change (SOC) is the central organizing construct of TTM. As the individual makes a behavioral change, it progresses through a series of change: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. Moreover, TTM integrates several other behavior change constructs such as, decisional balance, processes of change, and self-efficacy (Johnson et al., 2008). Establishing a therapeutic environment, building rapport, and communication techniques are key to the behavior change process.

The transtheoretical model posits that health behavior change involves progress through six stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. Ten processes of change have been identified for producing progress along with decisional balance, self-efficacy, and temptations. Basic research has generated a rule of thumb for at-risk populations: 40% in precontemplation, 40% in contemplation, and 20% in preparation. Across 12 health behaviors, consistent patterns have been found between the pros and cons of changing and the stages of change. Applied research has demonstrated dramatic improvements in recruitment, retention, and progress using stage-matched interventions and proactive recruitment

Han, Y., Faulkner, M. S., Fritz, H., Fadoju, D., Muir, A., Abowd, G. D., & ... Arriaga, R. I. (2015). A Pilot Randomized Trial of Text-Messaging for Symptom Awareness and Diabetes Knowledge in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes. Journal Of Pediatric Nursing, 30(6), 850-861 12p. doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2015.02.002e

PPB. I decided this model is the most applicable and relatable to Mr. PPB’s two main obstacles, which are inactivity and unhealthy food choices. Ruggiero (2000) declared that TTM is being used in application of diabetic care since 1993.In addition, it is based on a premise that people are at different stages of motivational readiness for engaging in health behaviors and intervention approaches are most useful when they are matched to a person 's current stage of change. It was also mentioned that a linear process is not expected as people may move forward and backward multiple times before changing for good. As Marshall and Biddle (2001) further emphasized that TTM is a dynamic rather than an “ all or nothing” phenomenon where evidence implied that individuals attempting to change their physical activity behavior move through a series of stages.