The Treaties Of Ojibwe And Lakota Tribes

The Treaty of St. Peters of 1837 sold the land located in the Minnesota territory to the United States and granted the Ojibwe Indians the privilege of hunting, fishing, and gathering wild rice upon the lands, the rivers and the lakes included in the territory ceded.

The time period between the 1600s and 1700s was a time of a major change in the land of the New World. The colonization of Europeans into the North America had considerable impacts on the Native American lives. European empire at the time, such as the French, England and Spanish empires, often fought against each other for power and control. After the European tried to colonized, the Native American suddenly found themselves dealing with European power politics. The arrival of Europeans into the New World meant new political relationships for both the European and the Native Americans. Each side had thing to gain and loss in this kind of relationship, especially military alliances and new trade goods. European power politics and rivalries were a major factor in the development of European and Native American relations because they created relationships of mutually beneficial relationships of trade and alliances.

In the 17th century, the Native Americans had been living peacefully in their own little world, until suddenly, the British come upon this land. Little did the British know, tribes of natives already lived there. The countenance of the Native Americans did not go over very well. There was tension between the English and the Native Americans. For example, they fought over the land of the “New World”. As expected, the Natives were fearful and angry when foreigners showed up and proposed new religious beliefs. The British and the Native Americans’ relationship changed due to those coming over for religious freedom and economic prosperity.

The United States federal government tried to resolve its bond with many different Native tribes by treaties. The treaties were formal agreements between the United States government and the Native Americans. Treaties were made by the executive branch on behalf of the president and then ratified by the United States Senate. The treaties made it where Native American Indians would give up their rights to hunt and live on huge sections of land that they had inhabited in exchange for trade goods, houses, and assurances that no further demands would be made on the said treaties (NebraskaStudies.Org). The United States broke many treaties between the Native Americans, but there were three major treaties that had an impact on the extinction of the

From the very first interaction, the social and political relations between the Native Americans and the Europeans had begun with much tension. Many Europeans came to the Americas with the intention of discovery. However, when it became apparent that these new lands were inhibited the motives changed, and then the natives were colonized, abused, and in many cases killed. From then and throughout the impending periods of time, the relations between the natives and the Europeans had a few points of mutual peacefulness, but were overall negative.

Throughout the course of history there have been numerous accounts regarding Native American and European interaction. From first contact to Indian removal, the interaction was somewhat of a roller coaster ride, leading from times of peace to mini wars and rebellions staged by the Native American tribes. The first part of this essay will briefly discuss the pre-Columbian Indian civilizations in North America and provide simple awareness of their cultures, while the second part of this essay will explore all major Native American contact leading up to, and through, the American Revolution while emphasizing the impact of Spanish, French, and English explorers and colonies on Native American culture and vice versa. The third, and final, part of this essay will explore Native American interaction after the American Revolution with emphasis on westward expansion and the Jacksonian Era leading into Indian removal. Furthermore, this essay will attempt to provide insight into aspects of Native American/European interaction that are often ignored such as: gender relations between European men and Native American women, slavery and captivity of native peoples, trade between Native Americans and European colonists, and the effects of religion on Native American tribes.

The relationship between the English and the Native Americans in 1600 to 1700 is one of the most fluctuating and the most profound relationships in American history. On the one side of the picture, the harmony between Wampanoag and Puritans even inspires them to celebrate “first Thanksgiving”; while, by contrast, the conflicts between the Pequots and the English urge them to antagonize each other, and even wage a war. In addition, the mystery of why the European settlers, including English, become the dominant power in American world, instead of the indigenous people, or Indians, can be solved from the examination of the relationship. In a variety of ways, the relationship drastically alters how people think about and relate to the aborigines. Politically, the relationship changes to establish the supremacy of the English; the English intends to obtain the land and rules over it. Socially, the relationship changes to present the majority of the English settlers; the dominating population is mostly the English settlers. Economically, the relationship changes to obtain the benefit of the English settlers; they gain profit from the massive resource in America. Therefore, the relationship does, in fact, change to foreshadow the discordance of the two groups of people.

With the Indian Removal Act passing through both houses of Congress, Jackson was free to begin his so-called negotiations. The Choctaws were the first to sign a treaty with the United States government. They were allowed to stay on a small area of their land, but they were given little protection. Their land was mercilessly stolen from them by nearby white settlers, and the government turned its eye while it happened. Sadly, the group had no other option but to give up their land and move west (PBS.org).

In 1831, the Cherokee nation went to court against the state of Georgia. They were disputing the state’s attempt to hold jurisdiction over their territory. Unfortunately, because they are not under the laws of the constitution, the Indian’s right to court was denied. It was not until 1835 that the Cherokee finally agreed to sign the treaty, giving up their Georgia land for that of Oklahoma.

In response to the Ronald N. Satz 1991 book Chippewa Treaty Rights, this paper will provide information about the developments in the area since the treaty rights was written. The main purpose is to focus on the majority and minority Supreme Court opinions in the 1998 case of Minnesota vs. Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwes, as well as how this case confirmed the 1837 treaty rights of the Wisconsin Chippewa bands. After the book has been published, a lot of arguments occurred, leading up to the cause in 1998. The first part of this introduction will include a brief overview of the years, leading up to the case of Minnesota vs. Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwes, in 1998.

Likewise, The Comanche Empire began forming alliances and agreeing to terms of peace with certain tribes on the plains and were influenced by what these agreements and treaties would bring for the Comanche peoples subsistence. “Treaty of Camp Holmes” signed between the Comanches and Osages and related tribes was the first agreement with the U.S. and plains Indians that kicked off treaties that promised indigenous peoples goods in return for peace and land. “Particularly in this respect was the 1835 treaty of Camp Holmes, in which Comanches granted Osages and the populous immigrant tribes of Indian territory access to their lands in exchange for trading privileges.” The Comanches agreed to treaties that allowed Osages tribe and other parties of the treaties access to their land and to remain at peace with one another, and affiliated tribes, because of the agreement the Comanches were granted new trade networks in

One stark difference between the US government’s treaties with the Chippewa versus the Lakota is where the treaties were constructed. The treaties with the Chippewa were negotiated and talked over with the Chippewa prior to construction. Proof of this is in the records of the treaty negotiations. Changes to the treaties were requested by Chippewa chiefs throughout the treaty making process. During negotiation, “The warriors requested that the United States pay more money for the lands it wanted to use” (Satz 21). Henry Dodge,

Cherokee rights were also decreasing. They were no longer allowed to have businesses; they couldn't testify against the white in court, and they were prohibited to mind for the gold. Majjor Ridge and his family had decided that enough was enough and that they should just retreat from the area. John Ross on the other hand had decided that the Indians should continue to fight for the land because they were there first. Tragically for the Indians, the 1835 Treaty of Echota was illegitimately signed and approved saying that all of the Indians were to move to the west side of the Mississippi River in exchange for five

The treaties signed between U.S had overcome many conflicts with the settlers and gave a legal title to Sioux and all other native tribes

While I was reading about the Ojibwe tribe I was quite interested to learn about their history. I have not gotten a chance to learn much about any native American tribes, sadly the most information I have gotten with Native Americans is my past teacher explaining her husband’s family traditions or learning to say “Ojibwe” because it is a street name close to where I live. Without much knowledge of this tribe I was quite surprised to find out that the ancestors of the Ojibwe were not living in what is now Minnesota but could be found throughout the northeastern part of North America and along the Atlantic Coast (Treuer, 2010, p. 5). There is a common language and culture among these tribes. When it comes to marriage it is heavily frowned upon