Essay on The True Relationship Between Taste and Smell

Changes due to the aging process also need to be addressed. Calcium reabsorption increases especially in women after the menopause, this decreases bone density. Lean tissue decreases as fat increases with age; there is also a decline in the percentage of body water meaning that body temperature is more difficult to control. Thirst decline and decreased renal function means that older people can become dehydrated (Copeman 1999). The function of the bowel reduces, meaning that the elderly are more susceptible to indigestion and constipation. The risk of constipation is also increased with Parkinson’s disease (Parkinson’s UK 2011). The final consideration is the deterioration of the sensory system. Taste, smell, vison, pain and touch all decline meaning that food may not be as appealing (Copeman 1999).

The purpose of this literature review is to show the need for more research into the effectiveness of utilizing sensory therapy with elderly adults living with dementia. There has been a significant amount of research and studies conducted on other mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety, however, there is a gap in the research regarding sensory therapy and dementia. Having this research conducted could possibly help with the symptoms associated with this debilitating illness.

Margaret is the first woman of Century Hills that Rothman comes into contact with. She happens to be the one who opens up her apartment to allow Rothman to actually come to Century Hills to visit the retirement facility. Besides having this utilitarian importance, Margaret serves to demonstrate one of the more apparent observations seen in many elderly populations across the world. This observation is that many of the human senses decrease in quality. These senses include hearing, vision, smell, taste and touch. Some of the medical

In previous studies, Frank and Byram’s article suggest that taste and smell interactions are dependent on taste and odor. In their experiments, they gave subjects strawberry

3. Humans are born with approximately 10,000 taste buds. After the age of 50, seniors can begin to lose taste buds. Additionally, many seniors lose their sense of smell. This can make enjoying food and getting enough calories difficult for some elderly.

Part 1 The way people perceive taste is impacted by a number of factors. These include, but are not limited to, age, weight, hormones, sickness and disease, smoking, and diet. Diet is the factor that this paper focuses on. Diet is impacted by the way people taste in that people are used to eating a certain amount of additives and preservatives. Some eat a very low amount, while for others, everything they eat contains additives and preservatives. There is a large range, but this paper will be focusing on two sides: people who eat a moderate to high amount of additives and preservatives in their daily life —this group will be referred to as Group 1—and people who eat very little to none—this group will be referred to as Group 2.

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In long term care homes in Canada, the Alzheimer Society states that there are more than 500,000 people who have been diagnosed with dementia. (Alzheimer, 2012, p,1) This is a disease that affects one’s brain and is characterized by “changes in the cognitive, psychomotor, emotional and behavioural domains” (Cruz, Marques, Barbosa, Figueiredo, & Sousa, 2011, p.282) of the brain. There has been research done more recently that suggests that a new technology called multi-sensory therapy or Snoezelen therapy may be able to maintain or improve some of the remaining abilities in a patient suffering from dementia such as self-care or communication. Multi-sensory, or interchangeably Snoezelen therapy was developed in the 1970’s by therapists working to find treatments for those with mental illness. “Their intention was to provide people who had sensory and learning disabilities the opportunity for relaxation and leisure experience.” (Burns, Cox, & Plant, 2000, p.120) The concept of Snoezelen aims to stimulate senses without the need for one to take part in intellectual activity. It also offers patients a ‘failure-free’ approach suggesting that there is no pressure to achieve or succeed. (Burns, et al., 2000, p. 120) To stimulate the senses, Snoezelen uses mixtures of light, smells, taste, and touch accessed through one’s sensory organs being the mouth, nose, eyes, ears, and skin. With the introduction of Snoezelen into the realm of long-term care and dementia, the aim is to

The sense of smell is a powerful tool that humans have at their disposal. It can have an impact on one's psychological system. When smell enters the scene receptors in the nose, the signal is sent to the olfactory cortex and some parts of the limbic system. The limbic system is responsible for emotions, so it is possible that the sense of smell can have an impact on one's mental make-up. Aromatherapy can be used to treat patients with depression and anxiety using odors. However, studies involving aromatherapy are limited and these claims are not fully solidified. A study to see if aromatherapy is effective in treating depression would be a case study. Case studies provide more information over a longer period, which will allow for the patient

Older adults are thus slower in receiving information through sensory receptors, slower in transmitting, processing, and interpreting information, and are slower in acting upon it” (Shulman, Silverman, & Golden).

In “The Pleasures of Eating” Wendell Berry wants the reader to recognize that eating is a cultural act. He believes we are eaters not consumers and that we should have more knowledge about the food we eat. Berry wants the reader to questions where the food is coming from, what condition is it produced in and what chemicals may it contains. He has found that the food industries blind us to what we are consuming and the effect it has on us. At last Berry believes that we must eat responsibly to live free.

You can actually start to lose some of your senses as well. The video Healthbeat states “in our early 30’s our smell peaks to its full potential from then on there is a gradual decline in our 40s and 50’s.” Your sense of smell can actually diminish as much as 60% as you get older. Another important sense that can be lost with age is hearing. Hearing loss is the most common health problem and is also under diagnosed and treated. Jacqueline and Lynn talk about how they did not even know that they were losing their hearing. After taking a hearing test and receiving hearing aids, they couldn’t be happier. Jacqueline, Lynn, and Jim Ferman encourage everyone watching the video to get a hearing test because hearing loss is affecting nine million older people just in this country. Without a hearing aid it may be difficult to have a conversation with someone or even hear if someone is trying to talk to you. At an old age, there are many people to interact with such as your significant other, friends, kids, and even grandchildren. Good communication is essential to living a good life. Lynn and Jacqueline love to dance and I think that they are more pleased with their line dancing classes now that they can hear the music and each other

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), neurofib tangles and amyloid plaques, are found in the smell organ in the nose, olfactory bulb, and in the medial temporal lobe of the brain (Devere, n.d.). Therefore, because the temporal lobe is the primary auditory perception, it receives the information from the ears. In addition, the underside of the temporal lobe plays a crucial role in both receiving and forming memories (Temporal Lobe, n.d). Finally, other parts of this lobe seem to sensations and memories, all of which is associated with the AD (Temporal Lobe,

The most common taste disorder is the phantom taste perception. This disorder is when the person feels a lingering and often disgusting tasted without having anything in their mouth. Since taste and smell are so largely connected, people often mistake a taste problem for a smell problem. Meaning, there are several causes for this disorder that don’t even have to do with the mouth but rather the nose or brain. This disorder is fairly common, around 200,000 people a year visit the doctor for taste and smell issues. Researchers believe that up to 15 percent of adults have a taste or smell disorder (Cunha, 2014).

Enamel;’ the hardest tissue in the body’ has a very important role in chewing, protecting dentin and pulp, phonetics, and esthetics.