The Twelve Tables Argument

Both the United States and roman republic have government that is similar today. In the United States we have the: executive branch, legislative branch, and judicial branch. The twelve tables remind me of the bill of rights. The law of the twelve

Marriage Arrangement, but the power of elders still have an important role in some of the major decisions of a person, especially in area of education as it represents social class and considered as a ‘family business’ due to the foundation of Confucianism (G. Huang & M. Gove 2012).

The Twelve Tables were the first laws ever written down and shown to the public in Ancient Rome. The Twelve Tables were displayed in the Roman Forum or marketplace. The Twelve Tables were also the earliest surviving writings of Ancient Rome.

* Victorians were encouraged to marry within the same class (remember the views on social mobility!). They could marry up, but to marry down meant

Roman law in the republic was often based on custom (Paul-Louis). During the Roman Empire, however, the emperor became the final source of law. Roman law was one of the original products of the Roman mind. They created the Twelve Tables, which was the first Roman code of law developed during the early republic. Roman civil law allowed great flexibility in adopting new ideas or extending principles in the complex environment of the empire. This was to establish laws that allowed greater fairness. Early Roman law

The Roman lives were based on the Twelve Tables, which were their written laws enforced by the government. The Twelve Tables were stable for over a millennium until the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D. The Romans were able to keep control through fair legal rights basically saying any crime was intolerable, but could be solved in a court case to determine the fate of the criminal. The Romans were half democratic and gave the people some voice by selecting representatives. This ruling helped decimate any crime and prevent murder. Although there are many positives to this ruling, innocent newborns with a deformity were ruthlessly killed. (Doc. 6)

The children in upper class families would be taught many different skills, whereas the commoners' children would just learn the skill of their parents. The children would continue to live with their parents until the got married. There were many regulations about sex and marriage. Homosexuality and inbreeding was strictly forbidden. If they practiced those they would become an outcast. There was also no marriage outside the classes unless the chief of the district approved it.

In the roman empire the structure of a family was the basis for the structure of government. It was thought that a family was a state within a state. The dominant male or paterfamilias have control over the family just as the paterfamilias of the state (state magistrates): had the power of the state. But while men are at the top of this hierarchy slaves are at the bottom. Slaves could be acquired as prisoners of war or could be traded. The rich owned the most slaves and often the best. Slaves were used for cooks, valets, waiters, cleaners, farmers, assistants or artisans. Because the empire grew out of the traditions of the republic, both social structures of the republic and the empire were based on wealth but you will also notice that in both society's there are few rich compared to the many poor or slaves in which they are similar.

DBQ page 75: they believed that career possibilities, political power, and social privileges should be set by law according to the position of one's family in the social hierarchy. Males and females were required

In subsequent years, the wealth and power of the family continued to be great. Intermarriages took place between some of the members of it, and several illustrious and

The governing legal, moral and religious codes of ancient civilizations were written and enforced by a minority that exercised power and authority over the majority. This minority consisted of priests, rulers and elites with established power and influence in society. In these codes of early civilizations, there was an overarching emphasis on maintenance of structure and order in society. Simply put, while these codes reflect the conditions, needs and values of the times in which they were formulated, they also unveil the authors’ agendas to preserve their power by maintaining the status quo. Therefore, these codes acknowledge and uphold the prevailing social, gender and racial inequalities as natural conditions of human existence and reveal the manifold biases present in early civilizations.

It is clear that the dynamics that characterized Rome’s society during the Republic were never easy. There was a constant push and pull of intentions and interests between Patricians and Plebeians. The Patricians always wanting to maintain economic and political supremacy while the Plebeians were in constant

“With laws unwritten, patrician officials often interpreted the law to suit themselves. In 451 B.C., a group of ten officials began writing down Rome’s laws. The laws were carved on twelve tablets, or tables, and hung in the Forum. They became the basis for later Roman law. The Twelve Tables established the idea that all free citizens had a right to the protection of the law.” (page 156)

Before the Twelve Tables, there were major problems and struggles. Both of the groups, patricians and plebeians, were able to vote, but only the patricians were granted the right to be elected to government positions. They were both able to make legal agreements and have marriages, but it was forbidden for a patrician and a plebeian to intermarry.There was conflict amongst Rome because everyone wanted the right to be equal, and they were not being treated

An example of this can be found in the clause on oath-taking during judicial proceedings. Non-Russians were treated separately from all Orthodox subjects (clergy, provincial gentry, townsmen, village elders, and peasants). While Tatar mirzas were at the top of the non-Russian hierarchy, certainly they were separate from the Russian elite—despite any evidence of their assimilation. In addition, Ulozhenie created solutions for current problems facing earlymodern Russia, it continued to treat non-Russians’ ethnicity as a primary category of difference. For example, enserfment was the solution to the ongoing problem of peasant flight; keeping the land under cultivation was necessary for keeping men under arms. Another method for keeping the land under cultivation and supplies of men under arms was to introduce reforms of the current system of distributing military service lands. Therefore, while all social ranks were equal under the Russian law, this should not be understood as equal treatment under the law. In fact, the official recognition of non-Russians’ separate status in Russian society greatly facilitated the increasingly punitive measures enacted by the government in the second half of the seventeenth