The U-High Creek Experiment

So we can conclude that the creek is not polluted based on this evidence. The creek creature are mostly from group 1 and 2. Also, the creek water contains little to no nitrates and phosphates. The creek also contains a high amount of dissolved oxygen (9.8ppm to be exact) Lastly, the creek limestone neutralize acid rain. The pH of the water is also a healthy 7. After all this evidence we can conclude that the creek is not

The eutrophication test tested if the creek has too many nutrients. If we found high levels of phosphate and nitrate in the water, that would mean the creek has eutrophication, which is bad. Phosphate and nitrates are found in fertilizers, and some detergents. On average, we found out the creek had .1% phosphate in it which is good.We, also, found out that was .9% nitrate in the creek, which is also good. The dissolved oxygen test tested how much oxygen was in the water. We found a 9.8% average for dissolved oxygen, which determines the type and number of macroinvertebrates that may live there. In past years it was tested that the water was warmer. The velocity of the water could affect this. As a result, I conducted the river does not have eutrophication.

Firstly, six out of the eight possible different pollution intolerant species were found which shows that the creek had low levels of pollution as if it did then the species found that are pollution intolerant would be unable to live in

The spatiotemporal pattern of water quality in the Reedy Fork and Buffalo Creek watersheds exhibits a trend of river deterioration, mainly due to Fecal Coliform. Our study suggests that most of the pollution sources were related to human activities. Looking at table 2a to 5b, it is clear that, F.Col, coliform is the dominant parameter with the highest means in all the sites, both at the Reedy Fork and Buffalo Creek watersheds. However, there are higher mean values of this nutrient in the Buffalo Creek watershed than the Reedy Fork creek watershed. This is clearly visible by looking at the variation in mean variable concentrations for the individual sites through the years under study from the graphs.

The idea here is to find out if the ecosystem is contaminated to the point that it will risk populations from further expanding along the river.

Through the city of Waterloo flows a stream named Laurel Creek that originates from well north of the city, and as it flows into Silver Lake, it provides a home for many organisms both on land and in the water. This stream has been heavily influenced by human construction, and has a number of reservoirs along its path. As the water moves downstream towards more populated areas, it becomes a sink for waste coming from many sources along the way. To monitor the health of Laurel Creek, indicator species such as benthic invertebrates that reside in the water are collected to determine the current status of the stream. The purpose of this study is to determine the best location to collect samples of invertebrates in relationship to the stream morphology of Laurel Creek. The results from this study could then be used on other locations suffering the same problem in Waterloo. These areas can then be observed to determine if a solution can be found to decrease pollution, therefore decreasing the

This lab compared two different streams against each other from a biological, physical and chemical bases. From this lab we are able to see the differences and similarities as well as the differences between each streams. For the Tippecanoe river there was a total of 20 organisms, 7 from the upstream transect and 13 from the downstream transect. This differed from Cherry creek have a total of 209 organism. This total was split a 110 down from upstream and 99 from the down stream transect.

The samples were taken from various spots along a stream. The depth and temperature of the spot was taken, along with two sets of water samples for each spot. Three depth measurements were taken in each spot. The samples were then tested for dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrogen concentration, and phosphate levels with a water analysis kit. Observations of the stream were recorded as well as the types of organisms in the stream. Macroinvertebrates were analyzed from two parts of the stream, one fast moving and one slow moving. Each type of macroinvertebrates was recorded, along with the population of that

Water quality parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, seston, water temperature etc. are important variables in the abundance and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates of the Old Chelsea stream. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that pH and dissolved oxygen have a direct correlation on biotic factors within the stream. Furthermore, due to the surface water velocity variations of the stream, it is hypothesized that water pH and dissolved oxygen interreach variability is statistically significant.

Butternut creek is located in an area within an urban environment, however the presence of certain pollution intolerant invertebrates, lead to the conclusion that pollution was not an influential factor on the diversity of the stream.

Water quality data (fixed-interval sample) collected bi-monthly from 1999-2008 and monthly from 2009-2013 for all 18 monitoring sites within the Reedy Fork and Buffalo Creek basins over a 15-year period was obtained from The City of Greensboro Stormwater Division, North Carolina. The sampled data were grouped in ranges of years from 1999-2002, 2003-2008, 2009-2010 and 2011-2013 so as to obtain a detailed analysis on the data. The sampling sites in the study area were numbered for simplicity of result presentation. Sites 1 to 6 were located at the highly sub-urban and agricultural area and sites 7 to 18 were located in the highly urbanized area of Greensboro. This sites include; Bluff Run (1), Fleming (2), Friendship Church Rd (3), Old Oak Ridge Rd. (4), Pleasant Ridge (5) and Battleground Ave. (6), are located in the Reedy Fork Creek basin (Figure 1). Whereas Aycock (7), North Church St. (8), Fieldcrest Dr. (9), McConnell (10), Merritt Dr. (11), 16th St. (12), Randleman Rd (13), Rankin Mills Rd. (14) West JJ (15), White St. (16), Mcleansville (17), and Summit Ave. (18) sites are located in the Buffalo Creek basin. Twelve water quality parameters were selected for statistical analysis (Total suspended solids (TSS, mg/L), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN, m/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD, mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5, mg/L), total dissolved solids (TDS, mg/L), total Phosphorus (TPhos, mg/L),Turbidity (TURB, NTU) nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N, mg/L), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N,

Fresh water invertebrates rely on many things to help them survive in the river and other bodies of water. The water quality must be the right pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen levels and conductivity levels in the water for the invertebrates to survive. Fresh water invertebrates are important for the ecosystem as they feed on mosses on the rocks and provide food for predators to keep the ecosystem together. Water quality is important because if it is poor then the animals, not only livestock but domestic pets, will be affected by it because they would drink from the river. Not only do animals drink from it but water is also extracted from this river for human consumption as drinking water, therefore if diseases get in to water it can also have consequences on humans as well as animals. (find evidence) The quality of the water can affect the way in which the ecosystem can change as if the water quality becomes poor then this can influence not only the invertebrates themselves but those species that eat these invertebrates (Wren & Stephenson, 1991). Therefore, the whole food chain would be broken as the predators would have nothing to eat so would then they will also start to die. By monitoring what freshwater invertebrates are in each section of the river, we can check what the water quality in the water is like as certain invertebrates survive in different conditions (look up what invertebrates survive better in acid and alkaline water).

The Colorado River had the highest water quality of all tested sites. The dissolved oxygen at this site was 8.92 mg/L and could be attributed to a number of different reasons (Table 1). The sample was taken when the sun was high and water dwelling plants had been photosynthesizing for a number of hours. The water was flowing fairly quickly and there was a small riffle at the area where the reading was taken which could have increased dissolved oxygen of the water. The river had a rocky gravel bottom which provided plenty of habitat for the macroinvertebrates that reside in the river. The variety of macroinvertebrates that were found were indicators of high water quality; species included caddisflies, mayflies, stoneflies, and dragonfly larvae. The macroinvertebrates were all very large specimens, indicating a healthy environment and plenty of resources to support their growth.

Benthic macroinvertebrates have been used to assess the health of aquatic environments. Quality analysis involves looking at benthic species composition and organization within the stream (Resh and Unzicke 1975). Different macroinvertebrates have differing sensitivities to pollutant, with some being more susceptible to environmental toxins than others (Metcalfe 1989). Such methods group macroinvertebrates in regards to their tolerance to pollution.

Foy et al (2001) wished to access the effectiveness of regulatory controls on farm pollution using chemical and biological indices of water quality and pollution statistics. The water quality was tested in 42 streams in the Colebrooke and Upper Bann catchments in Northern Ireland during 1990-1998. This was a large timescale therefore more results were collaborated. The method used to collect the samples of invertebrates was kick sampling, these samples were then taken back to the laboratory to identify them. Using the BMWP scoring system a score was then given to the macroinvertebrates, relating to how organic pollution had affected them, with 1 being tolerant and 10 being highly sensitive. To know the pollution statistics there was recorded incidents on farm pollution assessed between 1987 and 1997, this was from a relational farm pollution database. The measurements that Foy et al (2001) took were