The Umayyad And The Golden Age

Among the many scholars working in the House of Wisdom, there was Al-Khawarizmi, known as the father of algebra. Born around 800 in Baghdad, al-Khwarizmi worked in the House of Wisdom as a scholar. Being involved in the center’s translation of ancient scientific knowledge helped him develop a unique knowledge of the accumulated wisdom of the world. His importance lies in his discoveries of mathematical knowledge which was later transferred to Arab and European scholars. His masterpiece, a book of clear explanations of what would become algebra, was his entire life’s work compiled into one collection of information. The word algebra comes from the Arabic word, al-jabr, which means “completion”. In his work, al-Khwarizmi explains the principles of solving linear and quadratic equations, the concept that an equation can be created to find the value of an unknown variable. Another crucial work of al-Khwarizmi’s was The Book on the Art of Reckoning of the Hindus, which introduced the numbering system used in the Islamic culture to the west. This is the numerical system that is still used today and offered many advantages over the existing Roman numerals. An

Throughout history, the Moors and their incredible achievements has been systematical-ly written out of the history by past historians; the Moors were preserved as barbarians who in-vaded Europe and did not contribute to the development of society. However those false rumors were put to rest by Dr. Ivan Van Sertima who dedicated his life researching to ancient African civilization and their accomplishments which aided to the development of society as we know it.

Starting their empire in 750 C.E., the Abbasids were certain to leave a major impact on the Arab world. The Abbasids had moved the empire’s capital to Baghdad, from Damascus, after gaining control. The empire had spanned across three continents and was drenched with many open ideas, as the empire had been widely involved in trade. Being spanned over such a vast array of land, the Abbasids had many ideas in front of them, and they were capable of drawing out the best of those from the areas in which they had conquered. These ideas were not even from extensive trade routes that they had carved out themselves, but they had just used the ones that were established by the Persians, before the Umayyad Dynasty had taken them over. Through somewhat minimal work, this empire was capable

For centuries in the Muslim land the harsh and dry conditions made it hard to collect store and transport water. Most of the progress made in technology and engineering. As said in the quote "Muslim engineers also perfected the waterwheel and built underground water channels some fifty feet underground. The underground channels had manholes (openings from the street) so that they could be cleaned and repaired."(document 7) They created these inventions to help keep water and keep it clean so that they would be able to survive and thrive in where they were staying. As for astronomy most of their work was based off Hellenistic and Indian writing. This could show they were in a golden age because they took the time and effort to figure out what would work and what wouldn’t work and try and fix it. Under one of the early caliphates most Muslim scholars started learning from these writings. As said in this quote "The astrolabe, pictured, allowed people to find their precise latitude by using the position of the stars. The astrolabe was later modified to be used on ships. This innovation allowed Europeans to begin exploring the seas more safely. This lead to the Europeans finding faster trade routes to Asia by sea and Christopher Columbus’s “discovery” of the New World."(Document 6) It talks about the creation and perfection of the astrolabe and how it helped people find their exact latitude using the positions of the stars. This didn’t just help throughout the Muslim time but helped other generations of people after. It helped the Europeans find trade routes faster and help Christopher Columbus “discover” the new world. Not only that but it helped people navigate through the seas more

The Islamic civilization spread to encompass such an extensive empire by using their resources and becoming a peaceful civilization with peaceful people.

He starts by describing Baghdad before the Abbasids determined it as their capital. It was only a village in Badaraya, and at the time, the Chosroes, who occupied Iraq prior to the Abbasids, had chosen al-Mada’in as the country’s capital . al-Ya’qubi provides some more background information during the war of the Arabs, but notes that the aftermath of these wars resulted in a pivotal event for Baghdad’s transition – “the notables, and the rich merchants moved to Baghdad.”. al-Ya’qubi, however, also mentions the Umayyads, another significant Islamic Empire, before moving on to a new lineage of Caliphs who changed Baghdad’s destiny– the Abbasids. However, by mentioning the Umayyads, al-Ya’qubi touches on an important fact; there were other Muslim Empires that existed at the same time (to some extent). At this point, al-Yaqui describes how his ancestors saw the assets that Iraq held and why, after comparing other places to Iraq, they decided to settle there. It is vital to see how al-Ya’qubi writes when describing the history behind Baghdad’s transition, as it is here where readers may begin to doubt just how reliable the source itself

Mid seventh century Islam, also know as the golden age was a time of innovation, trade, and success. Why was this the Golden age above all other times? Well that’s easy. The golden age was the time when Islam established one of its biggest empires in History, which would later go on to succeed in all fields from math, to law, to industry etc (Doc 1, pg. 11). The biggest components of this great success, though would probably be the advancements in Math, Science and Trade. The new things that people were able to discover using simple math and science not only benefited peoples simple knowledge, but it benefitted the country as a whole. Math and Science were something that not everyone had access to, but since Islam did it benefited trade as well, which would later become what connected all of humanity.

This was one of the most significant events in the history of education. This way meant that scholars could easily communicate with each other, and “ideas were translated from Greek, Latin, ancient Egyptian, Chinese, and languages from other parts of the world's.” (Doc D). This knowledge could be read and discussed by scholars all over the Islamic Empire, which greatly defined the spread of ideas through the region. That was the last condition needed for the spread of math and science in the Islamic

Osman Bey: The founder of the dynasty that continued in unbroken succession until the dissolution of the empire. He was chief of a band of semi-nomadic Turks who migrated to northwestern Anatolia.

Until now, I didn't realize how much Islam influenced art and practically kick-started science. I learned that the Abbasid caliphs established the House of Wisdom, a center of leaning and science. They gathered manuscripts in Greek and Sanskrit along with scholars who could understand and translate them from the areas that they conquered.

Arisen from the influences of Christian and Jewish traditions, the nomadic peoples of the Arabian Peninsula joined forces to form the Dar-ar-Islam. Used to unite the Middle Eastern Empire, Islam – founded by the prophet Muhammad in 610 CE – created a stable civilization based on Islamic views and teachings for its individuals. In the Middle East during the time of 600 CE to 1450 CE, the religion of Islam stayed unchanged, while the influences of different cultures altered the traditions of the society as well as the women’s rights and status in the civilization.

The aim of this essay will be to demonstrate that the diffusion of these ancient medical tracts into Islamic culture was not an act of simple translation, but instead an appreciation, development and refinement of health sciences. By examining the impetus and processes of translation, and by assessing the dissemination and modification of the knowledge gathered, this essay will also aim to show that cultures do not interact in isolation, but are instead a complex process of socio-political,

Most of time, translating was done in Spain. As the result, cultural crossroads joining in Western Europe and medieval Islam. After the Christian re-conquest of Spain increased cultural and intellectual contact with Islamic world and make Arabic works available to scientists and scholars in Western Europe.

caliphs and it is acknowledge to be an influential period in Islamic history. The founder of

The Muqaddimah is a thirteenth century historical and sociological work that was written by one of the greatest historians at the time, Ibn Khaldun. His work was used all the way up until the 19th century because no other work has given so much in-depth detail to the history and society of the Middle East in the Middle Ages and prior to that. Ibn Khaldun has read more first-hand references to what really did happen, and understands how the Caliphates fell within the Middle East. He is very critical of other historians, but this is what makes him so accurate at this point in time. He comes up with theories