Latin America experienced adversities throughout the 20th century, with several countries toppling into war. In each instance, no matter the country, war materialized due to a repressive military government. In Mexico and Argentina, an overbearing government was the chief cause of their corresponding revolutions. These events resulted in creative inspiration in the writing of two novels: Mariano Azuela’s The Underdogs and Manuel Puig’s Kiss of the Spider Woman. Enclosed in each novel is a revolutionary leader ascribed a motivation for fighting against what they perceive as an oppressive government. Demetrio Macias, the lead protagonist in The Underdogs, leads a coalition of countrymen during the Mexican Revolution. Valentin Arregui Paz is …show more content…
Reminiscing in prison, Valentin says it’s been “Almost two years. But I still think about her,” displaying his enduring faith for their relationship. In comparison, the author of The Underdogs characterized Demetrio Macias with a wrinkled face. Demetrio was a masculine leader with military experience, who held wisdom and honor in his name. Demetrio’s motivation was clear from the beginning of the novel: his family. The Federalist armies were expanding across the country, ransacking each town they roamed through. When they came to Demetrio’s home in Limon, Mexico, the Federalists shot his dog, demanded food, and made his wife uncomfortable. Consequently, Demetrio ordered his wife to take their child and head to her father’s residence, while he commenced on the opposite path to assemble a group of insurgents. Furthermore, the clinching moment of following through with the revolution was when Demetrio glanced back after trekking for a few hours to witness flames and smoke billowing from his house below in the canyon. Valentin's motivation for continuing the revolution, Marta, was resilient and aided him when he endured tough times in prison. When poisoned by the prison food, Valentin refused to move to the infirmary for medical attention. Advising Molina, Valentin uttered, “a political prisoner can’t afford to end up in an infirmary, ever.” In this Valentin regarded the notion of becoming addicted to the sedative and hypnotic drug seconal administered in the
The Memoir Spider Eaters by Rae Yang is her personal account of her life during the Maoist revolution. In addition, she reminisces about her trials and tribulations during her active participation in the culture revolution and the great North Wilderness. Her family also had various misfortunes due to these changing ideological beliefs spread by the revolution. This memoir illustrates in great detail what Yang experienced under communist rule. Spider Eaters opened up a door to a young girl and her families struggle to be good Samaritans under communist rule and their final disillusionment of the revolution they whole heartedly believed in. Yang and her family struggled with the vast ideological changes during the Maoist Revolution, in turn,
In The Underdogs written by Mariano Azuela, we are introduced to a character that strongly symbolizes the fuel of the Mexican Revolution. Heroes like Demetrio Macias brought the Serrano’s hope of giving them what they felt they truly deserved. Although Demetrio Macias, the general (colonel) of a rebel army is hunting down the army of Pancho Villa, he seems to have the same ideals as the enemy. In addition to Demetrio Macias, we meet women like Camilla and War Paint who represent the different roles that women played during the Mexican Revolution.
The underdogs by Azuela was the first novel to speak against corruption in the post-revolutionary government and society. It was referred to as the greatest novel on Mexican Revolution. It depicts a charismatic Demetrio who warms readers into discovering the cause of the Mexican Revolution. The aftermath of the revolution is heart breaking.
In The Underdogs written by Mariano Azuela, the protagonist, Demetrio Macias is symbolized as the fuel of the Mexican Revolution. Heroes like Macias gave hope to the oppressed people of Mexico by fighting for what they felt they truly deserved, but, ironically, later becomes what he was fighting against. He does show great leadership and determination to oppress Pancho Villa's army. Pancho Villa, the dictator of Mexico during this revolutionary time, also shows prolific leadership qualities and care for his people; much like Demetrio Macias. However, at times Villa can be a ferocious general who destroyed villiages and killed innocent victims, he shows his compassion who helped those in need and rescued orphans providing them with food, education, and a home. Pancho Villa was a leader who only asked for your loyalty and trust, but was cruel when people tried to oppose him. Venustiano Carranza was another great leader that was a natural at commanding his followers through the struggle of liberty. He did not show any lack of a
The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao is not a happy book. The Author, Junot Diaz, does a great job fooling the reader into believing the story is about the De Leon family, specifically Oscar who is an over weight nerd trying to find the love of his life, but due to a family “fuku” or curse Oscar is having a lot of trouble doing so. Instead, the story actually portrays the dark history of the Dominican Republic under the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo. Upon reading the stories of Oscar’s relatives the reader feels a powerful message of fear and oppression due to the actions of the Trujillo regime. Even after the demise of
In addition, Trujillo was friends with the head of the armed forces, and friends with his wife’s lover. One day Trujillo told the general about his wife having an affair with another man, and Trujillo became the head of the armed forces soon after the general shot his wife and her lover. (17). Even though the sisters didn’t want to believe it the accusations against their president, but began to realize how true they were. Over time the sisters met others that didn’t agree with their president’s ways, and that is how the Mirabel sisters came to join the Virgilio Morales.
Likewise, another factor that assists in Trujillo’s persistent control of the Dominican Republic is his abuse of power. Rules are restrictions and too many rules lead to the entrapment of citizens. Julia Alvarez specifically utilizes the word “weakness” to portray the character trait that the majority of the citizens possess. In the word “weakness,” one thinks about not-strong and lack of courage. In essence, no one has the courage to stand up to Trujillo. For example, we see the common trait through the quote, “People who opened their big mouths didn’t live very long.”
In 1910, the first social upheaval of the 20th century was unleashed in Mexico. Known as the Mexican Revolution, its historical importance and impact inspired an abundance of internationally renowned South American authors. Mariano Azuela is one of these, whose novel, "The Underdogs" is often described as a classic of modern Hispanic literature. Having served as a doctor under Pancho Villa, a revolutionary leader of the era, Azuela's experience in the Revolution provides The Underdogs with incomparable authenticity of the political and social tendencies of the era between 1910 and 1920. The Underdogs recounts the living conditions of the Mexican peasants, the
The Mexican Revolution brought multiple parties and movements out of the woodwork. In John Womack’s Zapata and the Mexican Revolution, a story of one state’s drive for agrarian reform and its people’s evolving mission was told, with Emiliano Zapata as a pivotal leader. The dynamics of the revolution, however, reach deeper than Womack’s account portrays. While Womack documents the revolutionary path of the Zapatistas from the southern state of Morelos, the story of Pancho Villa, an arguably parallel character fighting for states in the North against the repressive powers of General Victoriano Huerta, reads more as a subplot. The writings of Samuel Brunk, Ana Maria Alonso, and Mariano Azuela shed light on the less simplistic dynamics of
Author Mariano Azuela's novel of the Mexican revolution, The Underdogs, conveys a fictional representation of the revolution and the effects it had on the Mexican men and women who lived during that time. The revolutionary rebels were composed of different men grouped together to form small militias against the Federalists, in turn sending them on journeys to various towns, for long periods of time. Intense fighting claimed the lives of many, leaving women and children behind to fend for themselves. Towns were devastated forcing their entire populations to seek refuge elsewhere. The revolution destroyed families across Mexico, leaving mothers grieving for their abducted daughters, wives for their absent husbands, and soldiers for their
Rafael Trujillo, a Dominican dictator, developed a harsh reputation as being one of the most violent and domineering leaders of South America in his thirty-one years of power. In The Time of the Butterflies, Julia Alvarez provides insight into the effects of Trujillo’s infamy by sharing the stories of three Dominican sisters and their struggles to gain independence and speak their truth. The Dominican-American author dramatizes the lives of the Mirabal sisters, three historical women who were assassinated in 1961, for their involvement in the anti-Trujillo movement. Roberto Gonzalez Echevarria, a Cuban critic of Latin American literature, provides a bias insight with regards to the novel.
On the surface, Manual Puig's Kiss of the Spider Woman is about politics and oppression. Caged literally and figuratively in an existential cell, both Molina and Valentin are wards of a police state and are therefore powerless to change their circumstances. But the novel is really about how spiritual freedom is cultivated and made manifest by Molina's retelling of his favorite movies. Because the substance of the films is first filtered through Molina's perspective, his perversion of the characters and plots reflect his own progression from an oppressed prisoner to a heroine who freely chooses the path to her own death.
The Underdogs is about the theme of oppression, change and the contrast of rich/poor, oppressed/oppressor, and Federals/Revolutionaries. The novel explains very much the the unexplainable reality of the underdogs, the underfed. It is a story told from below, from the perspective of those fighting for change, who lose hope in the process, who starve, and fall in love. The novel resembles the grotesque images in Steinbeck's The Grapes Of Wrath, or any of his works for that matter, both novels' characters fight for food and survival. There is a recurrence of animals, or the theme of nature, in the novel of Azuela just like any other modern masterpiece (Faulkner, Hemingway, Steinbeck..), which consolidates the theme of a starved generation.
fter watching director Jacques Tourneur’s 1943 film I Walked with a Zombie, I understood the parallels that existed between this story line and that of Molina and Valentin in The Kiss of the Spider Woman. First of all, much like Jessica, the zombie woman, the two prisoners, especially Molina, are seen as “freaks” in their oppressive society. Molina and Valentin are ostracized by their family members and their communities for being different rather it be due to their sexuality or political beliefs. Also, I saw Jessica’s situation of being trapped inside of her own body as similar to the experiences of Molina and Valentin while being imprisoned.
Nearly all heroes are faced with a variety of inconceivable tasks which in turn help to overcome obstacles that the character may face. In Spider-Man, Peter Parker is forced to overcome these impediments so that he can help protect the people in his city. The task that first illustrates this quest is Spider-Man’s revenge on the man who killed his uncle and committed robbery. To catch this criminal, though, Spider-Man has to learn how to use his mind: thinking quickly and on-the-spot. Not only does it take courage for Spider-Man to defeat this criminal, it takes quick reflexes that only his “spidey senses” can offer him. In the end, Spider-Man tricks the man and is successful in turning him into the police. Another example of a