The Underground Economy And Its Effects On Canada

White-collar crime generally refers to financially motivated nonviolent crimes committed by upper class individuals. It is a crime committed in the course of legitimate employment involving the abuse of an occupational role, such as fraud and bribery. Although most occupational crime is prohibited under the Criminal Code, much of it often goes undetected due to underreporting. Therefore, Bill C-21 was proposed to punish white-collar criminals more severely than before. Durkheim would argue that increasing the severity of sentences reinforces social solidarity. A Marxist would maintain that although white-collar crime is given much more attention than recent decades, white-collar criminals can typically escape the prosecution, thus proving that they can be above the law. Finally, a feminist would argue that Bill C-21 intends to punish women and men equally; however this legislation has a greater effect on men than women.

Canadian prostitution, the practice of exchanging money for sexual services” (Shaver, 2011) originally started in the 1800’s, and has never been an illegal act Canada. However, the dangers of the job, and safety risks these women are exposed to have always been prevalent on Canadian streets. The most common form of prostitution when the trade was established was off street prostitution. This can be defined as, “Prostitution that is issued out of escort agencies, massage parlours, private residences, brothels, bars, clubs, trick pads and bathhouses” (“Fact Sheet,” n.d.). [Correct Citation?]This industry thrived for decades with little no to police presence as the newly created transcontinental railways transported large masses of single men to the west coast. However, in 1890, new legal constrains, which were now enforced, made operating brothers a challenge and forced street prostitution to become more common, “street prostitution is a form of prostitution in which a sex worker solicits customers from a public place, most commonly a street, while waiting at street corners or walking alongside a street, but also other public places such as parks, benches, etc. The street prostitute is often dressed in a provocative manner.” (Shaver, 2011). When the number of women working the streets increased, the safety level decreased. In order to expand one’s knowledge on the dangers of female street prostitution, one must fully comprehend the differences between the two forms of

Organized crime in Canada can be identified as a multi-layered issue throughout the country. Posing a significant threat to the safety of Canadian citizens, it would prove beneficial to seek further information on crime networks in relation to how and why organized crime networks occur and how they can be/are being controlled. Illegal acts such as human trafficking, drug trafficking, prostitution and theft undoubtedly catalyze adverse effects on the communities in which they operate in and around, and should therefore be analyzed more in depth in an effort to keep Canadians safe. This paper will be discussing the description and function of organized crime networks in Canada, as well as how these networks relate to street gangs, drug trafficking

In our society there is many different types of crimes, I will be focusing specifically on street crime and white-collared crime. Each of these criminal communities has criminals that in the end are just trying to reach a goal. Whether it is the American dream of living in luxury or just trying to make ends meet. “White collared” crime is defined as a nonviolent criminal act that is motivated by financial gain. Then there is “street crime” which is defined as a criminal offense that is committed in a public place. Some examples of white-collar crimes are: embezzlement, corporate price-fixing, fraud, bribery, forgery, money laundering, cybercrime, copyright infringement, etc. While some examples of street crime are: robbing, murder, rape, sale of illegal drugs, assault, auto theft, etc.

3. Characterize the initiation ritual. How do you think it compares to the “real” ritual – if such a ritual exists?

CTV News shared breaking news on October, 23, 2013 that four Romanian women were found being victimized to human trafficking in Montreal. These women were lured to Canada hoping that they would find a better future but instead were forced into prostitution (2013). Human trafficking is an issue that is rarely acknowledged by Canadians. Most people are either unaware of the problem or do not recognize it as something that is happening in their own backyard. Although Canadians are exposed to the severity of human trafficking in other countries, Canadian citizens are unaware of the fact that Canada is not only a transit point for the United States but also a destination country. Information from the Ottawa Rape Crisis Centre states “The RCMP

Human trafficking violates the Criminal Code of Canada in four main sections, sections 279.01 (Trafficking in persons), 279.011 (Trafficking of a person under the age of eighteen years), 279.02 (Material benefit), and 279.03 (Withholding or destroying documents). Many other Criminal Code offences can also apply to human trafficking cases including kidnapping, forcible confinement, uttering threats, extortion, assault, sexual assault, prostitution-related offences, and criminal organization offences. The Criminal Code also states that “a person exploits another person if they: cause someone to provide, or offer to provide, labour or a service by engaging in conduct that, in all the circumstances, could reasonably be expected to

According to Chapter 1 of the book "Poverty In Canada", poverty refers to conditions where people lack resources to attain proper diet, participate in community activities, and the living conditions in the society they live in. Poverty can be absolute where people do not have enough resources to survive, or relative where people are not able to participate in common daily activities. The groups who are most likely to experience poverty in Canada are Aboriginal Canadians, women, unattached adults, people of color, persons with disabilities, and recent immigrants to Canada. The reason many of these groups live in poverty is because they work low-wage occupations. For groups such as, people with disabilities, people receiving social assistance,

Mexico is a Tier 2 source, transit, and destination country. It’s primary forms of trafficking are sexual exploitation and forced labor. Men, women, and children are trafficked, but the most vulnerable populations are indigenous peoples, migrants, mentally and physically disables, and LGBT individuals. Victims are forced into labor in the agriculture, domestic, manufacturing, food processing, construction, begging, and street vending services. Many victims are lured by fraudulent recruiters, possibility of romantic relationships, extortion, debt bondage, and the possibility of harm to family members. Women’s shelters and rehabilitation facilities become agencies for traffickers into forced labor and sexual exploitation. Child sex tourism flourishes and tourists come from the United States, Canada, and Western Europe. Many Mexican citizens and families exploit children into the commercial sex trade. Organized crime is actively involved and make men, women, and children engage in illicit activities, become assassins, aid as lookouts, and help in the production, transport, and sale of drugs. Government officials at every level either actively participate of are complicit in human trafficking. Many law enforcement, judges, immigration officials extort bribes, partake in sexual services from women and children, falsify documents, facilitate movement across borders, threaten victims if they choose to file a formal complaint, operate and patronize brothels, and refuse to respond

The treatment of the Indigenous population in Canada has been a very controversial topic since Confederation. Government after government, both federally and provincially, has been faced with the question of how to deal with this group. There are many complexities within this topic, and despite it being prevalent for the couple centuries, there still seems to be no solution in sight. After Confederation, the Canadian government’s idea was to sign treaties with Indigenous groups, leading to the Numbered Treaties. Between 1871 and 1921 eleven treaties were signed, governing relations between the Canadian government and the Indigenous population (Hall, 2011, para. 60). During that period, in 1876, the federal government passed the Indian Act,

The book ‘Canada’s Underground World of Human Trafficking’ by Benjamin Perrin is a realization of reality and a desperate call to action. The silent screams of young abused victims continue echoing down the dark tunnels of Canada’s underground world of human trafficking. Perrin argues that this is an issue that should concern everyone on a global and national level because it lowers the value of our common humanity. He uses empirical evidence from a variety of case studies to emotionalize with the reader and support his claim that Canada desperately needs to be educated on this form of modern day slavery. Throughout the duration of the book Perrin discusses and provides examples of multiple forms of social inequalities that help enable the

Everyday billions of people suffer from this.They try to escape but they’re are trapped in it. Over a million people die from it every year. Can you guess what I’m talking about? I’m talking about poverty, a worldwide plague impacting over 3 billion people, almost half the world’s population. Today I will speak about how many people live under the line of poverty, why people live in poverty and how to help people escape the cycle of poverty.

The application of sociological imagination in the analysis of poverty in Canada makes us realize that poverty has social consequences on us all. The use of sociological imagination makes us look beyond the perceptions we may have of the victims of poverty in Canada and open our eyes to the social problems surrounding poverty. It’s a tool that helps us make the connection between experience and the bigger picture. Exploring poverty with critical thinking brings about awareness that it is about more then an individual’s personal failings that contribute to poverty and affects society as a whole. There are many factors at play that contribute to poverty in Canada and this makes it a social problem.

This letter is solely based off the purpose of allowing you to have a better perspective of how we, as citizens view your successes, as well as your shortcomings in terms of upholding, and enforcing the UDHR. Luckily, you’ve become prime minister of one of the greatest countries in the worlds in terms of human rights, and according to the Human Development Index. Our country is among the best in terms of enforcing the 30 articles of the UDHR, but that doesn't mean there’s not room for improvement. Canada is currently ranked eighth on the Human Development Index, only behind; United States, Ireland, Germany, Netherlands, Denmark, Switzerland, Australia, Norway. Taking into consideration the population of most of the countries previously listed

In my research I was surprise to learn that an increase in the international drug trade and drug user estimated 14.8 million Americans were illegal drug users as of 1999. I also read that the international drug trade generates $200 to $300 billion dollars a year. And due to a great amount of budget that is spent, this gives the drug trafficker an advantage over the government that has a small budget. Illegal drugs are considered to be a major source of funding for organized crime. The Canadian government has attempted to address these problems by implementing a national drug strategy, which is meant to reduce the demand for and the supply of illicit drugs. Eleven federal government departments and agencies have spent approximately $500 million annually in addressing the illegal use of drugs. In order to optimize the effectiveness of such governmental initiatives and expenditures, it is useful to achieve greater understanding of major trends relating to drug offences. This information will assist policy makers and criminal justice professionals in deterring