The United Kingdom European Union Membership

The decision of the United Kingdom to leave the European Union has served in reshaping the way politics works in Europe. On June 3rd, 2016 a massive 30 million people came out to vote on the future of their countries. In the end, the vote to leave won 51.9% to 48.1%. Places like England and Wales both voted in favor of the exit, while Scotland and Northern Ireland voted overwhelmingly to stay in. While the long term effects of this decision obviously need time to be observed, the immediate economic impact has been somewhat mixed. The day after the vote was a cause for concern in that “the pound slumped after the referendum - and remains around 10% lower against the dollar and 15% down against the euro” (Wheeler 17). In contrast to this,

David Cameron announced his resignation as Prime Minister after Britain’s vote to leave the European Union. He wanted a new leader to be chosen by October. According to the Wall Street Journal, Cameron’s successes paved the way to his defeat.

This report will look at the benefits and issues surrounding the UKs decision to remain as a member state of the European Union (E.U.). Along with the newly elected conservative government, came the announcement that a nationwide referendum would be held, by the end of 2017, in order to determine the British public’s stance on the issue of EU membership.

"British Exit, an abbreviation for a Brexit” which means on the June 23, 2016, a referendum where British residents decided to leave the European Union by voting. The entire global market came under shock with this choice of the Britain, including financial forms, making the British pound tumble to its least level in decades. 52 % of the British electorate voted to leave, while forty eight per cent chose to remain. With more than 20 million people voting, turnout was 71.8. One of the major concerns paving the way to the referendum was boundary control – recapturing nation 's capacity to choose who comes into the nation, how, who can work, and so forth.

The European Union (EU) legislation has gone through evolution through many treaties in order to establish a better democratic legitimacy of its legislative procedure. It has been discussed that the core elements of democratic legitimacy can be found in two dimensions, the input-dimension and the output-dimension. The input-dimensions focuses more on citizens’ rights and possibilities for participation and contestation, and their right to elect their own representatives. Besides that, the input-dimension also described that in order for democratic legitimacy to be achieved, the representatives within the EU must be accountable through transparent procedures of election and government in the representative in the system that must be in

The European Union (EU) is the union of economic, monetary and political with twenty-seven Member States. They work together, in order to get particular advantages for their countries. This has been argued by Bickerton, the shift from nation-states to Member States led to a subtle and not unproblematic. However, the countries are free to choose want to join or withdraw from the EU. EU consists of various institutions, but with only three institutions are involved in the EU legislative process. These are the Council, the European Parliament and the European Commission. Over the years the EU has been expanded, consequently various treaties have been signed to work together. The latest treaty is the Lisbon Treaty, which was an

The European Union(EU) contains just 7% of the world’s population, but produces 1/3 of the world’s Gross National Product (Delegation of the EU to the US). A single market merges all 28 countries of the EU into one economic free-trade zone with no trade tariffs imposed on one another. The EU accounts for 51% of all trade that the United Kingdom (UK) conducts with the world (The Data Team 2). Since its admittance to the Union in 1973, Britain’s economy has grown from 326 million Euros per capita to 6,116 million Euros per capita in quarter four of 2012. Despite its economic benefits, many have voiced concern over its undemocratic practices. In a summary of the court case Van Loos v. Netherlands Inland Revenue administration, the European

On the 23rd of June 2016, the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union (EU); an event now commonly dubbed “Brexit”. This decision means that the UK will be the first country to leave the common market that is the EU, where a common market is defined as a “group formed by countries within a geographical area to promote duty free trade and free movement of labour and capital among its members” (What is common market? Definition and meaning, 2017). Trade deals with other countries are organised by the EU on behalf of its member states, as well as the rules and regulations governing business activity within the common market. As a result, leaving the EU is likely to result in huge implications for small to medium sized

The European Union (EU) is the most successful supranational organization in the world to promote and spread democracy. Without the values and result-based monitoring systems structured through this organization, Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), and ultimately the entire world would be a significantly different place. The EU’s uniqueness and undeniable success stems from its strategic use of integration as key to enlargement and the effective ‘Europeanization’ of countries. Though there are dissenters who would argue the European Union’s lack of effectiveness in the enlargement process since 1989, there is value in noting that enlargement is an on-going phenomenon and not an entity with an expiry date.

The European Union (EU) does not have an unlimited power to act. The limits of Union competences are governed by the principle of conferral. Under the principle of conferral, the Union shall act within the limits of the competences conferred upon it by the Member States (MS) in the Treaties. The central debate about competence is with regard to the principle that the EC operates within the confines of attributed powers tends to be obscured by an open-handed reading of the matter in practice. The Articles of EC are broadly worded, with little restrictions. For example, Article 95 EC provides the Council the power to pass directives and regulations so as to facilitate harmonization of the internal market. It is a residual provision that operates, “save where otherwise provided in this Treaty”. This could be translated as a general power of regulating the market. Also Article 308 EC empowers the Community to legislate where it is “necessary to attain, in the course of the operation of the common market, one of the objectives of the Community and this Treaty has not provided necessary powers”. These broadly framed Articles can be dangerous because it becomes impossible to have a clear conceptual outer limit to the residual provisions. In addition, subsidiarity and proportionality have not performed well as devices for restraining the political desire to exercise a competence once granted. The malady is captured by the catchphrase competence creep.

Before diving straight into things, here is a very brief recap of the Brexit, thus far. * On Thursday 23rd June 2016, the Referendum on the United Kingdom 's membership of the European Union, otherwise known as the 'Brexit ' vote, was staged for a third time with historic consequences. Where the majority of the votes from the participating population supported the bid to leave the European Union, 48.1 to 51.9%. The result leaving the British economy in pieces, major politicians forced to resign, including those that supported the bit to ‘Leave’, along with the then Prime Minister David Cameron and the

seen as a big step in the European integration and is today the second world currency, after the US dollar, and one of the European Union symbols.

In this article Hass intends to explains the European integration and relate them to a broader subject of universal integration. 3. The author uses information derived from studying the European integration story and various other unions in different regions. 4. In this article, the idea is to study the European integration and to understand what are the precursors that lead to such a unionization and if it can be formulated in other regions in order to create a more organized system of governance. It also provides an analysis of why the lessons learnt from the European Union is not possible to be implemented in other regions as the issues differ by region. 5. This article is very important to my research as it studies the background

Over the years as the European identity developed, it inevitably came across the issue of justice and home affairs (JHA) and to what extant it had dictation over its member states’ borders. As the European Community and later the European Union established and expanded its policies over issues such as asylum, immigration and police, judicial cooperation, many began to criticize the European Union saying it was relinquishing the sovereignty of its member states. As the mandate over justice and home affairs moved from the national level to the European level, the EU had to figure how much jurisdiction they could have over member states’ borders without imposing on the national governments or living up to its reputation as ‘Fortress Europe.’

Although European integration has primarily come about through the European Union and its policies, the idea of a united Europe can be traced back to Ancient Greece. The first we hear of Europe as a geographic concept was in the 7th/8th century BC through the infamous Myth of Europa (Greekmythology.com, 2015). The myth is about a Phoenician princess, Europa (after which the continent was named), who has a dream where she was called to by an unknown land telling her, she belongs to it (Greekmythology.com, 2015). Although this does not describe the geographic boundaries of the continent, it never the less goes to show that the concept of Europe being as one is nothing new.