The Universe: Martinus Insisted On Question

Death is the most inevitable and unknown aspect of life. It is unescapable, and by most of today’s population, it is feared in the utmost regard. Our materialistic views and constant desertion of religious ideals has forced our society to view death as an ultimate end. Socrates and St. Augustine’s views on death differ from many views on the subject in 2017, however, for their time, these men had the power to influence a plethora of individuals with their theories. For Socrates, death should never be feared and should be considered a blessing if our souls were to ascend to heaven, or death could be an extensive slumber without any dreaming whatsoever. With

In “Defining Life”, Josh Gabbatiss expresses the difficulty of distinguishing between the living and the inanimate, and examines various attempts at this age-old yet still developing struggle through the perspectives of virology, chemistry, astro-biology, technology, and philosophy. “Defining Life” is contextualized by an extensive history of deliberation by both modern and historical figures such as Aristotle and Carl Sagan, and institutions such as NASA and the Christian Church. The relevance of this article is also shown through current advancements in physical and life sciences, engineering, and philosophical

The concept of life after death has been around practically as long as life itself. Our beliefs about life after death can have a profound effect on our attitudes toward life. Most individual's beliefs about life after death are directly related to their cultural or religious affiliations. According to Montagu, "Of all the many forms which natural religion has assumed none probably has exerted so deep and far – reaching an influence on human life as the belief in immortality" (1955, p.15).

4.”Is there, or is there not, an opposite to life? It does. What is it - Death. So the soul will never admit the opposite of that which it brings along as we agree from what has been said.” (105d-e)

As I read the reading “death”, I can conclude that the main idea for this reading that the author wants his readers to believe that the death is not something scary. We all should not be afraid about the fact that our bodies will cease to exist after death.

Neil Degrasse Tyson points out in his article “Cosmic Perspective”, first published in the Natural Magazine in 2007, that if every human were to truly comprehend how stupendous and interraled the universe is to us, our perspective on humanity would shift from a focus on our distinctions to our connections. Tyson explores through many examples of the “cosmic perspective” to prove just how closely associated we are with the universe.

First, the religious concept views death as the commencement of a new life (Campione, 2004). Next, the

One of the most ancient mystery yet unsolved is the question pertaining to death and the afterlife. This mystery is one of the fundamental studies in both field of philosophy and religion. Comparing those who believe in a god-existing religion against those who don’t, we often see many differences in the answers relating to death. In the contrary, the similar answers to theist and atheist are evident strongly in two great thinkers and their works. The focus will be on Socrates’ speech in the Apology by Plato setting in 399 BCE and De Rerum Natura by Titus Lucretius 300 years later.

A Nihilists’ view of death as understand is that ‘if they believe in nothing then it matters not’. So neither life or death matters to them, while a believer of Existentialism believes where death is concerned, that it is all of an ‘absurd’ influence and existence.

“Science has shown how the human mind is trapped into a close expanse making every individual have a supposedly existence” (456). Our parents, teachers, and every individual in this world has grown up thinking that we are living a “life”. We all think about our supposedly “death” when in reality, our mind never transitioned to our own body. Which means that we are not exactly dead. When we “die” we won’t really die because we were never exactly born. Dr. Not So Intelligent explained:

The mention of death sparks fear and anxiety among people but there is no reason why people should fear death because it does not have any meaning to them. Epicurus (2016) claims, “Death, the most frightening of bad things, is nothing to us; since when we exist death is not yet present, and when death is present, then we do not exist”. Most people fear death because they feel that it hinders them from accomplishing some of their plans in life and the fact that they do not know what will happen to them after death. Moreover, the fear of being punished by gods after dying makes most people feel frightened when death is mentioned (Beard, 2015). However, Epicurus argues that there is no need to fear death because there is no existence after dying. Since man will not exist to experience life after death, people should not worry about their state after death, as it is not necessarily a bad one as people have been made to believe. Thus, it is imperative to illustrate why death is nothing to us.

How Forests Think: Towards An Anthropology Beyond the Human by Eduardo Kohn and Pandora’s Hope: Essays on the Reality of Science Studies by Bruno Latour have an interesting dichotomy between what is considered alive (referred to by Kohn as a “self” and an “actant” for Latour), and what is not. It is important to note that Latour did not specifically refer to actants as being alive but they have agency, and this term is used in a similar manner to Kohn’s concept of selves. Through this essay, I will review both books and each author’s understanding of the concept of life. For Kohn, the boundaries of what is considered alive are limited to humans, animals, and organic matter. However, for Latour, we see a different, more developed understanding of the concept of life that incorporates essentially everything.

Without grievability, there is no life, or, rather, there is something living that is other than life.

One thing that ponders almost all who live is what happens after one dies. There are multiple theories about life after death, or the absence of it, many dependent on one’s religious beliefs. However, this is also a question philosophers have faced and come up with theories for. Bertrand Russell, a well-known philosopher from the twentieth century, has a theory on the matter. His theory on life after death, in standard form, is as follows: There is a strong correlation between brain states and mental states. In particular, the correlation between brain damage and impairment in mental capacity. So, probably all the mental states and capacities that we associate with a particular person are ontologically dependent on the continued functioning of that individual 's brain. So, if one 's brain ceases to function, then one 's mind ceases, as well. If you survive death, then your mind must survive. But, brain functioning ceases with death. Therefore, you will not survive death (Zelinski “On”). The argument is valid but some question whether it is sound. Russell 's argument is sound because the third premise, if one’s brain ceases to function, then one’s mind ceases to function, is true; the fifth premise, brain functioning ceases with death, is also true; that all leads to the conclusion, your mind will not survive death, being true.

The abstract idea of life cannot be explained by such simple ideas as being animated, breathing, or speaking. Ordinary machines in this century can perform all of these basic functions. The quandary with defining death is not as abstract and elusive as that of life. The problem of defining life and death has plagued philosophers and the religious bodies for thousands of years for one reason; each philosophy or religion has tried to define the meaning of life and death from only their certain perspective. The seemingly appropriate approach to this problem would be to understand the ideas presented in various philosophies and religions and through this knowledge create a new definition for each idea of life