The Uppsala Model And Internationalisation Process

There are many businesses that have expanded their business internationally in order to benefit in some sort of way rather it revenue or a better market for their product. In this thesis, I will research a multination company and its international strategy over the last 10 years. I will elaborate on it international orientation and rather it etho-, poly-, or geocentric. I than explain why the company decided on expanding to the chosen locations. Then I will clarify if they had core capability to succeed in those markets, along with its

The internationalisation process of the firm has been a subject, which has been motive of study for a number of

The business internationalise means a company’s production and business activity are not only confined to one country, but also integrate the different countries’ raw material and labour and technologies to

Stages of company Internationalization (Uppsala Model) 1. International Marketing – Ethnocentric Orientation 2. Multinational Marketing – Poly centric Orientation 3. Global marketing – Geocentric Orientation 4. Transnational Marketing – Glocal

This study would not only define how Tata motors(indian multinational) and IKEA’s(European MNC) expansion strategy could be classified and generalized into the above stated categories, but also how contrasting or similar their expansion strategies were, these expansions may seem to be tempting cecause of high profits and economies of scale but in practice it is immensely complex. It is important to understand why these Firms did expand, though companies internationally have experienced many benefits, turning them into potential global leaders in their respective sectors, the intricacy of the international business also brings a lot of risk with it.

In recent decades, internationalization has been more and more common in over the world. This is a great opportunity and challenge that many businesses can earn a lots new experiences and practice themselves when they work in a new environment. Also, internationalization is a good way for companies expand their power and reputation. So these companies or organizations might improve themselves with new knowledge which they learn from foreign countries in order to gain more profits and benefits.

The transnational model was developed to support the needs of large, multinational companies. This model consists of multinational corporations-experienced in international markets with facilities in several foreign countries that simultaneously utilize technological advances, innovation, global learning and efficiency to be successful. These multinational organizations adopt organic structures, similar to the learning organization, that are flexible, unified and coordinated through corporate culture and shared visions and values of its employees (Daft,

There are a large number of activities (for example, doing research on the network, finding potential customers, selecting appropriate emerging markets, summarizing advantages of the product in the domestic market and so on) need to be involved in, and all of them are very important for the company at the pre-export stage. In other words, the pre-export behavior of the company should include the following points. Jansson and Soderman (2012) suggest that firms should focus on their domestic markets and accumulate enough experience, which are the cornerstone and quite useful for the firms to expand the international markets. Then, the firms need to select suitable markets by talking to local people or face-to-face communication. Furthermore,

Hill, C. (2011). International business, competing in the global marketplace. (8 ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

In the business industry, if businesses want to export their goods and services to other countries, they must become familiar with and adopt international and global strategies. Consequently, there are three types of international and global business strategies. The first type is international, which entails conducting a significant amount of activities outside the home country, yet its focus remains on the home market (Fung, 2014). The second type is multinational, which consists of operating in multiple countries, yet the headquarters is in its home country, not to mention that the competitive advantage will vary by country (Fung, 2014). The third and final type is global, which is when the organization treats the whole world as one market and one source of supply, not to mention, that its competitive advantage is contingent of common brands, standardized products, and global scale production (Fung,

In recent years, many researchers have tried to determine factors that affect the internationalization process and the success of internationalization. One of the factors that they have determined is psychic distance. Psychic distance is still an obscure concept to some, though. This literature review aims at describing exactly what psychic distance is and how it affects internationalization.

The first important factor to business is Going Global (pg 110), or to expand overseas markets. The benefit being that profits and marketing opportunities can be increased. Going Global also reduces the percent of the firm in any given location, thus reducing risk. Choosing of the market in which to enter requires very extensive research, focusing on local demand for what the firm produces and availability of the required resources for production such as labor and natural resources. In the article it is said that , “To be effective in an organization, a person values must be compatible with the organizations”. This statement shows the need for unity within a company. If a new part of the company is in a

Oviatt and Mcdougall in their paper, Toward a Theory of International New Ventures, tried to identify and define International New Ventures in the context of the global marketplace. Their work gained global acclaim in its bid to pose questions about the validity of existing theory on internalization. A decade later, Zahra’s work titled “A theory of international new ventures: A decade of research” attempts to build on prominent aspects of the work of Oviatt and McDougall with the hope of highlighting their important contributions to the field of international new ventures. I will attempt to highlight the areas where Zahra’s work

Over the last few decades there has been a substantial amount of attention being diverted towards born global firms who unlike ordinary firms, have defied the traditional stage wise process of internationalization. These firms have long puzzled researchers and challenged the basic perception of internationalization. As a result it has given way to a new field of research and aroused global interest in the emergence and success of these firms. This essay will go on explain why born global firms emerge, the factors that influence them and examples of born global firms in the real world. Uppsala’s theory of internationalization (Johanson & Vahlne, 1977 ) and Stephen Hymer’s Three Determinants theory are used to further analyze this essay.

In 1977 Swedish researchers at Uppsala University came up with a model/theory how businesses should grow their activities in foreign market, this model explains that companies should select an entry mode by taking into consideration their own resources and exploring costs, and risks based on market nature. (Johanson and Vahnle, 2009) Researchers at Uppsala University in their empirical study found that Swedish firms mostly started their process of internationalization by exporting, initially companies had agents that represented them in foreign market, but these firms exported in countries that had little differentiation in culture, language and political systems from their home country, this was labeled in their model as physically close countries. Uppsala Model considers two types of knowledge objective and experience based knowledge, the model describes that after first entrance in foreign market businesses understands how to work in external country, and later they step by step increase level of internationalization to physically distant countries. (Johanson and Vahnle, 2009) But, can Uppsala model be applied to services? This model was mainly reliable for manufacturing industries; a paper with contrary arguments was published in 2008, providing two variables; environment-related and service specific, to question whether Uppsala model can be used for service