Robotic Surgery Essay

The 21st century can rightfully be considered as the era of technology when the new inventions and discoveries will most likely affect all the segments of human life. At this point, some of the breakthrough inventions of our times have been in the medical field. Robotic surgery has become an almost common practice in the advanced medical world and new uses for robotic assisted surgery are everyday set in place. However, such developments also attract different interests and implications.

In a robot-assisted operation, the surgeon uses a console to control robotic arms wielding surgical tools (SN: 11/12/16 p. 18). Surgical robots are increasingly being used for procedures such as tumor removal and organ transplants because the machines help doctors maneuver more precisely.

The Da Vinci Surgical System is a large purpose-built robot controlled by a surgeon that performs minimally invasive surgical procedures on patients. The system incorporates an ergonomically designed surgeon 's console, a patient-side module with four interactive robotic arms, each with interchangeable surgical instruments and a 3-dimensional endoscopic vision system. Powered by high-tech supercomputers, the surgeon 's hand movements are scaled, filtered and then converted into precise movements of the surgical attachments. The designers of the system are a team of doctors, engineers and biomedical engineers at a company called Intuitive Surgical.

Imagine a robot doctor rolling into an operating room in scrubs and gloves and asking the nurses and other assistants, "What are we operating on today?" Unfortunately, technology is not quite there yet. Really, the use of robotics in surgery or even in the medical field is still subtle in most areas of the field. The robots themselves are more high-tech surgical instruments than they are robotic surgeons. However, imagine what this idea could be in ten or twenty years, it might become reality.

A Massachusetts doctor estimated that the average American will undergo about 5.97 surgical procedures in the operating room in their lifetime, and with the population rising, surgeons in the United States will need to perform more surgeries than ever before (Lee). Since the beginning of modern medicine, new technology has been rapidly introduced to aid surgeons. In 1985, the first robotic surgery occurred, and at the turn of the 21st century, the FDA approved the da Vinci Surgical System (Whitlock). Patients today can undergo robotic-assisted surgery from the da Vinci Surgical System, but this type of surgery remains the center of controversy. Robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) is safe, ethical, and a good option for both patients and surgeons because it uses small incisions which decrease blood loss, it can improve recovery time and reduce complications, and it can improve surgical control.

Robotic surgeons are systems that are equipped with fine instruments, high-resolution, three-dimensional visual systems, and the ability to mimic wrist type motions to reduce the damage of body tissue during surgery and open surgical procedures. This has prompted physicians and surgeons to rethink old conceptions of surgery and evolve. Open heart surgery is a very risky procedure and unfortunately the most common but now the term open heart surgery can be misleading due to the involvement of robot surgeons. Traditionally, physicians were to break

Robotic surgery or da Vinci Surgery has grown past the investigational arrange and is presently routinely utilized as a part of insignificantly intrusive general surgery, paediatric surgery, gynaecology, urology, cardiothoracic surgery. It is a surgery that uses robots to operate the patient. Against the frequent arguments in favor of robot surgeons, the robots are not the future version of doctors, because they have disadvantages like high outlay, detriments and underrating the doctor’s role.

Today, robots are utilized to execute highly specific, precise, and dangerous tasks in industry and research previously not possible with a human work force. We depend on robots to build our cars, land our planes, and operate at a level of precision and accuracy with dedicated motions scalable in speed and force unreachable for human beings. Oxford Dictionaries define robots as “A machine capable of automatically carrying out a complex series of movements, especially one which is programmable.” The use of robots to assist in performing surgical procedures has been developed over the past 20 years, and current robotic systems are quickly being introduced to the

Originally there were two robotic systems, one was the Zeus System and the other was the Da Vinci System. The Da Vinci system quickly overtook the Zeus system, and the company that developed the Zeus system is now under control Intuitive Surgical Systems. (Fischer, 2012) The Da Vinci System has advanced since its birth, and is more prominent today. This robot has gone through many redesigns to keep up with the changing field of medicine. The Da Vinci robot is able to perform surgeries with the help of a surgeon guiding the robot. This makes surgery easier, efficient, and recovery time is decreased. The robot has revolutionized how surgeries now take place, because they are less intrusive and help patients have a faster recovery time; however, these robots are very expensive for hospitals and the cost to have a surgery using one of these robots differs from one hospital to another. These robots are the future of medicine, and soon the robot will be able to perform all types of surgeries with the help of a surgeon. Currently the Da Vinci System can be used to perform a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, prostatectomy, colectomy, hernia repair, pulmonary lobectomy, cardiac surgeries, gastric bypass, and hysterectomy. These are a significantly greater amount of procedures that can be performed, in comparison to laparoscopy.

Though robotic surgery provides many advantages for certain conditions, it is not yet a main preference for all surgical treatments. The techniques used in robotic surgery to date are compatible with some heart surgeries, lung surgeries, and for a few other treatments, but are not compliant with all types of surgery. (Vertut and Coiffet 72) A useful helping hand when you need it, robotic tools at this point and time are only effective in areas where you have a sort of technical dissection with the nerves, or places requiring a lot of reconstruction and sewing. (Vertut and Coiffet 72) As

Weak. Diagnosed with cancer. Not physically well enough to have a normal procedure, Debra Johnson was left with no other option than to put her life in the hands of a first time robotic surgeon. Back in 2006, she was turned away from the conventional method of surgery because she was deemed not physically fit enough by doctors to go through the operation. So she then turned to a surgeon by the name of Gary Leiserowitz. It was going to be his first time performing this kind of operation on anyone. However, he explained the operation very clearly and had great confidence going in, which left Ms. Johnson feeling good going into the surgery. This life saving procedure would not have been possible without robotic surgery ("Robotic-assisted Surgery…”). The technology was a last resort for this woman and allowed for her to have a chance at a longer life. The results from this operation urge the question as to why this type of surgery is not the first choice when it comes to operations much like this one. Is it because people are against the idea of being operated upon by a robot? If this is the case, then why is this? The “robot” is simply just a new, different form of technology invented by humans. The process of robotic surgery is a great advancement in medical technology that should be used more often in the surgical world due to its precision and minimally invasive techniques.

Robotic Surgery is the use of robots in performing surgery. "Surgery is performed by manipulating straight instruments while viewing the instruments on a monitor. Robotic surgery is the evolution of laparoscopy that addresses the drawbacks of laparoscopy"(NJ urology).Considering the never ending improvement of technology, this type of surgery is being used more by a day worldwide and has a potential to totally take over the field of surgery. However, as robotic surgery has its advantages, it also has its disadvantages.

Robotic surgery involves performing laparoscopic or minimally invasive surgery (MIS) through the usage of the da Vinci robot, presented by Intuitive Surgical Corporation in 2000. This approach combines the advantages of both the laparoscopic procedures and open surgery and its application in medicine is associated with a major breakthrough in the area of complex surgical operations, such as those of the esophagus, liver, etc. (Ramirez & Lotan, 2015). Until recently, these procedures were performed using an open technique of conventional operation, in which the surgeon was required to cut a broad platform to gain access to the internal organs to overcome the insurmountable technical difficulties. Currently, however, the utilization of the

The Da Vinci Surgical System is a large purpose-built robot controlled by a surgeon that performs minimally invasive surgical procedures on patients. The system incorporates an ergonomically designed surgeon's console, a patient-side module with four interactive robotic arms, each with interchangeable surgical instruments and a 3-dimensional endoscopic vision system. Powered by high-tech supercomputers, the surgeon's hand movements are scaled, filtered and then converted into precise movements of the surgical attachments. The designers of the system are a team of doctors, engineers and biomedical engineers at a company called Intuitive Surgical.

The beginning use of surgical robots within medical setting benefits the surgeon as well as the patient; it gives the da Vinci Surgical System a bright future within today’s society.