The Use Of Amoxicillin As Penicillin Based Anti Infective Agent

Everyone knows how useful penicillin is today in the modern age as an antibiotic. Some people might even know about the story behind its discovery. What they don’t know about is the long history behind this medical discovery. They especially don’t know about the hard work of several scientists who brought the idea of penicillin to life. From the earliest discovery of penicillin in 1896 by Ernest Duchesne to the start of its mass production in 1948 and now the modern world of the twenty-first century, it has come a long way. In fact, penicillin has risen from just a bit of Penicillium mold and a mistaken discovery to the life-saving antibiotic agent it is today.

In this reading there was many very interesting facts about penicillin. Penicillin was a breakthrough in the medical field in the 20th century. The scientist Alexander Fleming had accidentally spilled a vile of bacteria on to a plate of bacteria to his benefit he found that is had stopped the growth of bacteria. This accidental discover has benefited everyone in the world because we have to get these shots if we are infected, plus it saved many life’s in world war II. However, Penicillin is considered an antibiotic chemical that is created by living organism to stop the growth of bacteria and prevent an illness if people were to come into contact with this problem. Since the discovery and massive stock piling of this cure it has become less

Antibiotics either stop the bacterial cell from reproducing or kill the cell. They can disrupt the bacteria by deterring

Antibiotics, composed of microorganisms such as streptomycin and penicillin, kill other infectious microorganisms in the human body. At one point, antibiotics were considered to have “basically wiped out infection in the United States”, but due to their overuse and evolutionary

The disclosure by Alexander Fleming of penicillin opened up a totally new time of chemotherapy. Antibiotics are the chemotherapeutic specialists that kill or inhabit the development of microorganisms. These substance operators are utilized to treat malady by wrecking pathogenic microorganisms or restraining their development at focus sufficiently low to enough to avoid undesirable harm to the host (Dafale et al., 2016).

Commonly prescribed antibiotics used to treat H. pylori infection include amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox), clarithromycin (Biaxin), metronidazole (Flagyl), and tetracycline (Sumycin). This combination of medicines is taken for 10 to 14 days. It is important for patients to take the full course of medications exactly as directed. An improvement in symptoms does not necessarily mean that H. pylori bacteria are no longer present (O'Connor, Vaira, Gisbert, & O'Morain, 2014).

β-lactam antibiotics (beta-lactam antibiotics) are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics, consisting of all antibiotic agents that contain a beta-lactam ring in their molecular structures. They kill bacteria by generally inhibiting their cell wall synthesis. They are mainly active against gram positive bacterias but many gram negative bacteria are also susceptible to amoxicillin. Staphylococcus aureus being a gram positive bacteria are highly susceptible to amoxillin.

While Shapiro et al. was not able to recommend antimicrobial prophylaxis with amoxicillin Nadelman et al. devised

Penicillin, as well as other β- lactams, inhibits the enzyme that places essential cross-links between the individual polymer strings of the cell wall. It does this specifically by using the β-lactam ring to irreversibly block the active site of the enzyme, which catalyzes the reaction, transpeptidase. This inhibition allows the bacteria to newly synthesize a cell wall and to elongate, but not divide. This is due to the lack of cross-linking. The result is disruption of cell wall integrity, making the cell osmotically unstable and susceptible to lysis (Walsh, 2003). Penicillin reacts with the transpeptidase to form a stable acyl intermediate. The β-lactam ring acylates the hydroxyl group of one specific serine residue in the transpeptidase, producing an inactive penicilloyl-enzyme complex (Williams et al.,

Effective treatment of infections depends on selecting the source, site, complete medical history, also, conduct a physical assessment to identify the signs and symptoms consistent with the current infection. Other factors include patient’s age, weight, present health condition and the severity of the infection should be put into consideration (Arcangelo & Peterson, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to describe the categories of antimicrobial agents, also, description of the differences between viral and bacterial infections will be reviewed. In addition, explain why proper identification of viral and bacterial infections is the key to selecting the proper antimicrobial agent.

Antibiotics are chemical substances that can kill or inhibit the growth of infectious microorganism. They could be naturally occurring or synthetic in a laboratory. Each type of infection has its therapeutic course duration which should be completed neither reduced nor overused. The long term use of antibiotics may harm the host. In addition to the impact of antibiotic on infectious organism, they can affect the non-infectious bacteria. These effect on non-infectious bacteria depend on the type of used antibiotic, its mechanism of action and resistance level among community. Different antibiotics affect the normal gut bacteria in diverse ways depending on several the antibiotic spectrum of activity, dose and duration of therapeutic course, administration route and characteristics of the

Penicillin, known as the mistaken drug, was created, “when bacteriologist Alexander Fleming left for vacation and left a mess in his laboratory,” as it states in “Not-So-Dumb Luck”.

Amoxicillin is used to treat a number of bacterial infections such as bronchitis, pneumonia, and ear infections by preventing and killing the growth of bacteria. This medication can also be used to treat stomach ulcers, gonorrhea, skin infections, lyme disease, tonsillitis, typhoid, and heart valve disease. Amoxicillin however is ineffective when treating the common cold or flu since these are viral infections instead of bacterial infections. Amoxicillin can be taken orally as a dry tablet, chewable tablet, capsule, and liquid form. If symptoms resolve before the end of your medication continue taking the prescribed course because there is a chance that infection can return.

Antibiotics, also known as antimicrobials, are drugs, which fight infections caused by bacteria in both humans and animals. Their primary use is to combat bacterial infection by either killing the bacteria or making it difficult for it to grow and multiply with the use of growth inhibitors. Also, antibiotics do not have any effect on viruses (“Antibiotic Resistance”). The intended use of antibiotics is to treat infections or disease caused by bacteria such as Salmonella, Gonorrhea, and Influenza. Sir Alexander Fleming discovered antibiotics in 1928 after returning to his lab to find Petri dishes contaminated with Staphylococcus Aureus and later realized the mold had the ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria (Markel). The bacteria growth-inhibiting mold Dr. Fleming discovered later became the drug penicillin. This new medication’s first use was fourteen years after his discovery, in March 1942, to successfully treat a patient who had developed a bacterial infection after miscarrying, which later led to blood poisoning (Markel).

The discovery of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of infectious diseases has been heralded as one of the greatest medical achievements of the 20th century. However, use, misuse, and abuse of antimicrobial agents has led to an increase in the population of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and has become a major public health threat the world over. Unfortunately the pace of developing new treatments has not kept pace with the growing problem, leading to increased mortality and morbidity rates. Only through education programs and development of new classes of treatment can this epidemic hoped to be controlled. The proliferation of antibiotic resistance is a continuing problem for all members of the human race and only with concerted efforts of all can the continued efficacy of antibiotics be preserved.