Polycarbonate plastic is everywhere. Manufacturers make about 2.7 million tons of plastic containing BPA each year. It’s used in screwdriver handles, eyeglass lenses, DVDs, CDs, and food containers. Although versatile and durable, polycarbonate contains a controversial chemical called bisphenol A, or BPA. Some studies have linked BPA exposure to a variety of health problems. Bisphenol has many forms, but its most common is Bisphenol-A, also known as BPA. In this paper, I will address the history of BPA, the ecological effect of using it in polycarbonates, and an interesting solution to the issue at hand. This innovation totally changed the game when it was first introduced. But, the chemist responsible for integrating BPA into plastics had …show more content…
Polycarbonates started out in fuse boxes, plug connections and glazes for public buildings. Polycarbonates soon became popular for many other uses, such as plastic bottles and linings for metal-based food and beverage cans. The use of polycarbonates for food packaging easily received approval in the 1960s by the FDA under its food additive regulations.
During the early 1990s, Dr. Feldman became the first researcher to identify the possible impact of low levels of BPA. Feldman and his team discovered an estrogenic molecule while growing yeast in plastic flasks in 1992. They discovered the yeast wasn’t synthesizing the estrogen, but rather it was leaching from the plastic. The team then performed a control experiment without the yeast in the flask, and they found there was still an estrogenic molecule present, which they later identified as BPA. Once they made the connection between polycarbonate, BPA and estrogenic activity, Feldman and his team contacted a major producer of polycarbonates. It turns out, the company had already looked into the leeching issue, but after using their own methods, they said they “couldn 't find any estrogenic activity.” Other studies soon popped up, including the University of Missouri-Columbia that found low-level exposure to BPA may harm the prostate. Over the next decade, reports on low-dose BPA toxicity will grow to include more than 100
Thesis: Plastic water bottles were created to make our life easier; however the pollution it has made has linked to cancer and chemicals not known fifty years ago.
In conclusion, it should have been learned that the issue of plastic pollution has become ruinous. The cost of repair and the inconvenience of lifestyle changes cannot compare to the frightful future this planet is headed. At current rates, hazards are not just inflicted on Earth's oceans but individual human health and the other creatures that rightly inhabit this land. With this concern
Bisphenol A (BPA) has been commercially used since 1957, and has been employed to make certain plastics and epoxy resins. Bisphenol A has been made into a variety of common consumer goods, such as water bottles, CDs and DVDs. While in epoxy resins that contain Bisphenol A are used to line water pipes, coatings on the inside of beverage cans, and in thermal paper such as sales receipts. A research conducted by the Environmental Health Perspective has said that from the years 1992-1999 Bisphenol A has rose in human urine. In which has been resulted by the Environmental Health Perspective that the cause of rise of Bisphenol A in human consummation is the use of consumer goods such as the lining of beverage drinks, and certain water bottles (Environmental Health Perspective study WEB 2). Also with the rise of littering in the world such products are being thrown into lakes, ponds, and the oceans which is resulting in contamination. Which is greatly affecting the marine life, environment, and human life. So ultimately this experiment is being conducted to display the harmful physical effects of Bisphenol A on marine life, and if it can be later translated
The overall food contamination by Bisphenol A is unknown, but the nutrition/ health impact of this chemical is an important subject to be discussed for all individuals. The main aim of one study recently analyzed was to assess the reproductive impact of BPA leached from regularly available polycarbonate plastic containers. The bottles specifically chosen for testing were those that were used by children. The migration of BPA occurs in polycarbonate plastics (i.e. water bottles and baby bottles). Toxicology reports show society the importance of evaluating these products before purchase and consumption as a consumer. For a particular experiment, researchers used Daphnia Magna, a small flea that cleans and absorbs particles that infect the solution they are placed in, and bred them in the polycarbonate containers. A control group was created using water bottles without the infection of these creatures. A GC-MS machine to detect the level of BPA released by each polycarbonate plastic then evaluated the water. An increase in the reproduction of BPA was detected when the Daphnia Magna were bred inside the container. Although these organisms effected the leaching of Bisphenol A, the GC-MS was able to detect, through the control group, that BPA is released without DM. An Eco toxicological effect was observed through all of this testing, and provided evidence to substantiate the fact that Bisphenol A is leached from polycarbonate plastics. The BPA was further analyzed in the Daphnia
A “commodity chemical,” BPA is widely used in consumer products, and therefore is produced on a large scale. It is composed of two polymers: acetone and phenol. The two primary uses of BPA are for polycarbonate plastics (approximately 74% of its application) and epoxy resins (about 20%) (Ritter). Polycarbonates are manufactured by the combination of phosgene (COCl₂) and BPA (C15H16O2 ), and epoxy resins are made by combining BPA and epichlorohydrin (C3H5ClO). When unpolymerised epoxy compounds leach into food through packaging or come into contact with human skin through contact with cash register receipt tapes, for example, the estrogen-mimicking effects of the compounds have the potential to interfere with the normal function of
The movie documentary Tapped has opened not only mine, but a group of society’s eyes to what harm we are actually causing upon on ourselves with an action so little as to drinking out of plastics bottles. People have been drinking out of bottle waters assuming that what the are drinking out of is safe but once over thousands of plastic bottles were tested huge concerns grew. Studies show that varieties of bacteria and chemicals were found, causing cancer and other illnesses. One of the many harmful chemicals found in these plastic bottles is Styrene which causes a cancer causing agent and also could possibly cause adverse reproductive effects. Investigators also found three different types phthalate, Diethyl phthalate, Dioctyl phthalate that
It is nearly impossible to comprehend that products and items that we as a society use everyday can create such a catastrophe with our bodies that cancer, autism, and even the reproductive system is affected by these monsters. Even though there are thousands of chemicals that can harm our society, BPA is looked at as one of the ugliest monsters out there today.
In the year 2011 there were many reports in the media regarding bisphenol A (BPA). BPA is a hormone-disrupting chemical linked to adverse health effects like cancer, infertility, diabetes, obesity and ADHD (Newbold, 2009)
This is because the chemical has one of the most common environmental chemical exposures to humans. Abbreviated “BPA”, bisphenol A exposure, has been linked with several mechanisms that are involved in the development of cardiovascular disease, this comprises of weight gain, insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress (NHANES 11).Public health places emphasis that the health of populations should be considered by reducing the quantity of bottled water they consume. Data should be collected for the purposes of policy decision making and deciding the best ways the consumption of bottled water should be curtailed Considering that an endocrine-disrupting chemical, BPA has been shown to have estrogenic and thyroid hormone that disrupts the effects of experimental studies. This owes to the fact that there are significant relations between childhood obesity and the type of water such children who get infected by the disease consume. The venture hence becomes a serious concern because people, specifically Americans, have been unknowingly poisoning themselves and their children with the prior mentioned chemical. This has been championed by the use of BPA contained in bottled water. Notably, only reduces human consumption of this harmful chemical which is found 93% of the American adult
and Europe manufactured approximately 5 million tons of products with BPA in 2015, says Science Daily. That's why researchers like Wayne recommend swapping plastic with glass as much as possible. But, hey, realistically we already know that plastic products aren't harmless: We're headed towards having more plastic, by weight, than fishes in our oceans by 2050. http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/01/24/oceans-more-plastic-than-fish/79267192/ Not to mention, the effects that chemicals like BPA have on our wildlife and environment are largely unknown; a 2012 study suggests, "Due to its environmental ubiquity, organisms may be exposed to BPA chronically or during sensitive life stages," says Science Direct. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479712001405 Glass and these other good
Bisphenol A is an endocrine disruptor - a substance which interferes with the production, secretion, transport, action, function and elimination of natural hormones. BPA can imitate our body's own hormones in a way that could be hazardous for health. Babies and young children are said to be especially sensitive to the effects of BPA.
Dental sealants are important as they decrease the risk for caries however the risks may outweigh the reward when it comes to BPA. The FDA is working to reduce the amount of plastic that contains BPA especially baby bottles and food containers for young children due to the leakage of the chemical. “BPA has shown potential estrogenicity in a significant number of studies and its described as an endocrine disruptor chemical (EDC), owing to its ability to bind and activate the human estrogen receptor.” (Kloukos) If BPA is being released into small children before they reach the age for puberty to take place the trace amounts could affect their long-term ability to produce offspring. Within the studies it has been determined that after having sealants placed in the oral cavity BPA is being released even in trace amounts. Blood, saliva, and urine were all tested before and after the treatments however out of the three, BPA was only found in saliva and
Health is a re-ensuring concern in today’s world as technology has changed the way of life for many. Bisphenol-A, also known as BPA, is a chemical used to make polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins (MNT, 2014). The key factor for ideal health is a suitable diet and the plastics and epoxy resins made from BPA are used to make a variety of consumer products many being food containers, baby products, water bottles, canned foods, and pop cans (Walters, 2011). BPA has allowed engineers to expand their scientific knowledge as this chemical has unique characteristics that offer high performance benefits in a wide range of consumer and industrial applications. However, though there are some advantages of BPA, the disadvantages are more
With the combination of polymers that don’t biodegrade and mass overproduction, companies are harming the environment in severe ways. Plastic, a material seen everywhere, is a polymer made from oil. It is mass produced to make everything from shampoo bottles to automobiles and does not biodegrade. When it is eventually thrown out, the waste usually finds it way into the ocean, where it is either buried under sediment or eaten by marine life (Weisman 287-295). Creating a material that will ultimately kill marine life will undoubtedly wreak havoc on the
Plastic is a man made chemical that has been invented in 1907. Back then, plastic did not