The Use Of Creating Polylactic Acid Using Starch From Corn Acid

By subjecting these bacteria through sudden temperature changes or heat shock, a difference in pressure in the outside and the inside of the cell is made, that causes pores, through which the mobile supercoiled plasmid enters. After normalizing the cell temperature, its walls will heal. When the E. coli has now taken up the plasmid with GFP, it will be able to grow in agar plates with ampicillin, an

(Biology Dept.). 0.1 ml of E.coli K or 0.1ml of E.coli B was added to the 10 fold dilution. Using soft agar technique, the growth media mixture with E.coli was plated and incubated.

To keep it as simple as possible, (K.I.S.S.) this topic involves the study of: 1. POLYMERS FROM PETROCHEMICALS & BIOMASS

Also by using the molecular weight of glucose (342.3) it can be determined that the average degree of polymerization of the corn syrup solids is 2.669. These numbers were calculated based on boiling point data. A freezing point experiment was not conducted. This data makes sense, for corn syrup solids are created via hydrolysis of starch and consist of a mixture of glucose, maltose, and small glucose oligomers. The molecular weight/average degree of polymerization determined via this experiment directly correlates with that

Peter Nielson, along with many other scientists, have spent years creating and experimenting with a synthetic molecule called peptide nucleic acid (PNA). PNA is an artificial polymer that has many similarities to deoxyribonucleic

How do you insert the plasmid inside the bacteria? What process do you use? (1/2 pt)

Lab Report on pGAL Transformation In order to understand this lab the student first needs to understand how recombinant DNA is formed. To begin, the student extracts a plasmid, which is a circular strand of DNA found within bacterial cells, from the bacteria. Restriction enzymes begin to cut the plasmid at certain sequences of nitrogenous bases.

In the dry milling process, the entire corn kernel is first powdered into flour and processed. It is then made into a slurry with the addition of water to form a paste. Enzymes are added to the paste to convert the starch to dextrose. Ammonia is added as a nutrient to the yeast and for pH control. It is then processed in a high-temperature cooker to reduce bacteria levels before fermentation. It is then

Polymers are large molecules with large molar masses and are composed of many repeating subunits. Also referred to as macromolecules, polymers both synthetic and natural have a broad range of properties which play a vital role in everyday life. Polymers range from naturally occurring biopolymers such as DNA, proteins, cellulose and starches to synthetic plastics including polystyrene and polyethylene (Shakhashiri). Polymers are synthesised using a chemical process known as polymerisation, where individual molecules called monomers are reacted to form chains or three dimensional networks.

PHAs can be divided into two group that are included short-chain-length PHAs (sCL-PHA) with 4 to 5 carbons in one repeating hydroxyalkanoate unit, and mediumchain- length PHAs (mCL-PHA) with 6 or more carbons in monomeric constituents. PHB is the main polymer of the polyhydroxyalkanoates family, however different monomers, and thus (co)polymers, could be obtained because there are the different carbon substrates and the different metabolism of the microorganism. PHAs with 150 different types are largest group of natural polyesters

The low pH conditions at this bacterial can produce cellulose offer alternatives of the modification of cellulose produced by alteration on culture media, this in-situ modified cellulose materials have a promising industrial applications to paints, coatings, composite materials, or even biomedical devices

Polylactic acid is a revolutionary plastic and is being labelled the “post-petroleum plastic” as it is made up of 100% renewable resources which are starch rich products such as corn and sugarcane. The hype for this plastic is huge due to the current state of the world climate and the pollution that humans are casting upon the planet. There are many different ways that Polylactic acid can be formed as lactic acid has enantiomers or optical isomers and this causes the processes of forming Polylactic acid to have different paths as lactic acid can take different forms. I will focus on the production of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) which forms as a result of the polymerisation of L,L-lactide. This production of the renewable and biodegradable polymer Polylactic Acid is a very complicated process and involves many steps. The steps of this process go like this… Starch (C6H10O5)  L-lactate (C3H5O3)  L,L-Lactide ((C6H8O4) + H2O)  Polylactic Acid ((C3H4O2)n) in the form of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA). First of all the corn has to be wet milled, this separates the starch within the corn from the water. Once the starch has been separated it is then heated with enzymes or acid, sometimes both in order to convert the starch completely to dextrose. The dextrose is then fermented and the multiple steps of glycolysis begin to take place with enzyme catalysts being used in order to reach the chemical Pyruvate (COO-COCH3). The Pyruvate reacts with Hydrogen and enzyme catalysts to form

The corn proteins were prepared by separating them out of corn gluten meal using an ultra-filtration method. The CPs were lyophilized (sterilized powder) for

There are various methods which the authors are listed in the online format of the paper where the first method is plasmid construction method

The pectin yield and galacturonic acid content for the optimized condition was projected to be 5.08% and 69.40% with the actual extracted pectin content of 9.41% w/w dry matter basis(Zhang and Mu 2011a). To increase pectin yield enzyme α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis is used to breakdown residual starch in order to prevent starch gelatinization which lead to reduced pectin extraction efficiency (Noda et al. 1994).