The Use Of Gamma Irradiation On The Electrical And Dielectric Properties Of Agno3 / Pva Films

Nano-composite plastics and carbon nanotubes have been utilized for industrial and consumer packaging, the later offering an improved packaging solution for electronics components by making the materials used lighter and stronger. Nano-porous silica is a high porous, low-density solid material that supports various temperatures making it a great insulation product that can be applied in a wide range of fields from pipe insulation to refrigerators and even microelectronics. Nanoparticle based colloids are employed in the manufacturing of sunscreens, paints, and printer inks and nano-coatings can be applied in order to obtain scratch resistant surfaces. Composite nano-materials can be considered the basis for all the other current and future commercial applications of nanotechnology.

"Silver Chloride (AgCl) - Properties and Applications." Silver Chloride (AgCl) - Properties and Applications. The A to Z of Materials, 2013. Web. 18 Feb 2014. <http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?Articl

PPV, otherwise known as polyphenylene vinylene are electric conductors that processed into tiny films which emit a bright fluorescent yellow light which could potentially be a replacement for LEDS in electronics. PPV is prepared from p-xylene-bis and the addition of acetonitrile-tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate and from there, the product is treated with heat to eliminate diethyl sulfide, HCL, and ethyl sulfide to form the final product, PPV. Similarly, another method, called direct chemical polymerization, formed PPV but it was only in the form of powder which could not be turned into tiny films for commercial use. In lab, we learned that PPV precursor can be synthesized in a one step reaction from p-xylene using NBs. In the reaction with

Silver nitrate AgNO3 (≥99.0%) and PVP (Average molecular weight ~55,000) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Ethylene glycol (EG) and Hydrochloric acid (HCl) were purchased from Merck specialities Pvt Ltd. All the chemicals were used as received without any purification. We synthesized silver nanocubes (Ag NCs) by a typical polyol method. In a typical synthesis, 12.5 mL of ethylene glycol was poured in 50 mL of round bottom flask and heated at 140°C for 1 h under stirring. An amount of 2.5 mL of HCl solution (3.3mM in EG) was quickly injected into the reaction mixture. After 10 min, 7.5 mL of AgNO3 solution (94mM in EG) and 7.5 mL of PVP (147mM in EG) solutions were simultaneously injected into the stirring solution. The reaction mixture was

Silver has been used since Roman times as a disinfectant because of its well-known antimicrobial properties. AgNPs are considered attractive building blocks for nanomaterial architectures based upon the nanoparticles size and shape (Shipway etal 2000).

Gold(III) chloride solution and sodium citrate solution were freshly prepared with deionized water and filtered through a syringe filter (0.22 µm). Deionized water (45 mL) was added into three-neck flask incubated in the heating mantle with a stirring bar followed by the addition of HAuCl4 solution (5 mL, 10 mM). After the solution was boiling, the sodium citrate solution (5 mL, 38.8 mM) was added quickly. The color of the mixture gradually changed from black to wine red in the first two minutes, indicating the formation of gold nanoparticles. The AuNPs solution was kept boiling for another 10 minutes with a stirring speed of 700 rpm. After cooling down the solution to room temperature, the AuNP solution was filtered through a syringe filter (0.22µm). The concentration of AuNPs was determined by UV-Vis spectrometer (Cary100,

The major differences of these two chemical bonds are shown obviously in the lab. Metals has larger density values, higher hardness than polymers and able to conduct electricity while polymers is not able to. To understand the distinction in atomic bonding, one can utilize the knowledge in his

The primary source of energy in the United States is fossil fuels – for heating, power, and electricity generation – but we have a limited supply [1]. In addition to limited quantity, the burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming as well as pollutants that cause asthma, acid rain, smog, and more [1]. Alternate sources of energy generation have been studied – among them hydro, tidal, wind, biomass, geothermal, and of course solar energy – to reduce dependency on fossil fuels, to have “clean” energy sources, and because they are all unlimited resources [1].

Conductive polymers are a specific section under the broad range of polymers, that have the ability to effectively conduct electricity. They were discovered by accident in a lab by Hideki Shirakawa in 1974, yet their potential applications were not understood until early 2000s. They are made by doping with n-type and p-type which forces electrons to move throughout the material which normally would not happen because of a polymer molecular structure. They provide many advantages over metals because of they are light weight, cheap, and functional versatile. Conductive polymers are frequently used with rechargeable batteries, sensors, and light displays. Lastly, they have a bright future with the world turning towards wanting more technology that is light weight and integrated in the day-to-day functions.

Conductive polymers have promising applications in the field of tissue engineering as tissue scaffolds. Many tissue types respond favorably to electrical stimulation, because of this conductive polymers can be used for the regeneration of damaged tissue. This review will focus on the synthesis and fabrication of conductive polymers as well as their applications in tissue engineering.

Hello fellow physics student, in this summary I will be talking about Electrical Properties of Metals and why these properties are important. Civilization has used metals for many purposes: tools, weapons, boats, machinery, electronics, and many more. Society depends heavily on metals and without metals our world as we know it would be completely different than we know now. In this chapter we considered how we can describe how electrons act within different elements and materials. Before we can talk about how electrons act in elements it is important to go over how electrons act in an atom.

This charge imbalance, at the interface, gives rise to the so called “polar catastrophe.” This polarity mismatch is quite frequently reported at the interface of insulating complex oxides. However, the formation of two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) is not recognized for all the oxides showing polar discontinuity. A debate over the alternative origins for the interface conductivity is still active. (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 4 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --)

Three types of linear and planar-structured donor (D)–acceptor (A) type alternating copolymers were synthesized by incorporating intrachain noncovalent Coulomb interactions, based on 2,5-bisthieno[3,2-b]thiophene-1,4-bis(decyltetradecyloxy)benzene and benzothiadiazole (BT) moieties. The chain linearity and systematic adjustment of interchain organization was achieved by the incorporation of different number of electronegative fluorine atoms onto BT, which significantly affected the frontier energy levels, film morphology, and the resulting charge transport properties. Bimodal semi-crystalline orientation and charge carrier transport properties were studied by grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and polymer filed effect transistor (PFET) characteristics measurements. The hole mobility as high as 0.1 cm2/Vs in PFET was measured for poly(2,5-bisthieno[3,2-b]thiophene-1,4-bis(decyltetradecyloxy)benzene-alt-4,7-(5,6-difluoro-2,1,3 -benzothiadiazole)) (PPDTT2FBT), suggesting a strong self-organization in the linear configuration with conformation lock with the help of fluorine atoms. The linear and difluorinated PPDTT2FT also showed the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE, 6.4%) by blending with PC71BM, but showed a poorer photovoltaic performance compared to the wavy-structured counterpart, PPDT2FBT, reported previously. The mainly edge-on orientation of PPDTT2FT and poor blend film morphology attributed to the moderate PCE in the blends. Fine modulation

The FTIR studies have been performed to investigate the possible ion-filler-polymer interactions and the conformational changes in the polymer host PVdF-HFP due to the immobilization of Mg(Tf)2 containing liquid electrolytes and the addition of Al2O3 and MgAl2O4 nanoparticles. Fig. 7 shows the FTIR spectra of pure polymer host PVdF-HFP, undispersed GPE and some nanocomposite GPEs. Assignments of the important bands related to the PVdF-HFP, EC, PC and (CF3SO3-) anions are given in Table 2. The following important features have been noted from the spectral response.

However, this equivalent circuit could no longer provide a satisfactory fitting result with the elapse of time. As the electrolyte solution, water and oxygen gradually penetrated through the coating and even arrived at the coating/substrate interface, a different equivalent circuit Model b taking account of the appearance of electrochemical corrosion reaction at the metal interface was used, as shown in Fig. 7b. Specifically, the Cdl in parallel with the Rct in model b represents the Faradic reaction. In terms of the coating system where diffusion impedance appeared, Model c (Fig. 7c) was adopted to fit the impedance data. The Warburg diffusion behavior attributed to the deterioration of the coating protection and the continual diffusion in the coating system. Based on these fitting models, Rc and Cc of different coatings at a function of immersion time are shown in Fig. 8. The Rc gradually dropped with immersion time, which is another evident sign for the invalidated resistance against corrosive species transfer through the pores of coating. Besides, the Cc increased with prolonging immersion time because of the higher local dielectric constant of water than that of the polymer. PBA/α-ZrP-5% and PBA/α-ZrP-10% coatings exhibited higher Rc values, suggesting that the incorporation of >5 wt% α-ZrP in PBA matrix effectively decreased the corrosion reactions on the coated metal surface. Further, the Cc value of nancomposite coatings is relatively lower compared