The Use Of Nanopolymers For Biomedical Purposes

Biotechnological solutions to a variety of illnesses, surgical procedures, genetic exploits and a myriad of other things are now in the form of nanotechnology. Big pharmaceutical companies now refer to many of their medications, in fact, as nanomedicines, which alludes to the nanotechnological inputs in pills that improve delivery methods and even deploy nanoparticles for specific purposes on occasion. A new study actually illustrates how attaching RNA nanoparticles that masquerade as antibodies to microvesicles capable of delivering RNA therapeutics to cancer cells.

Nanocarriers (NCs) have emerged as a favored drug delivery approach towards improving the anticancer benefits of several bioactives for cancer therapy with recent reports showing the application of NC systems in clinical settings [18]. The NCs with size < 100 nm have been associated with enhanced permeation and retention effect (EPR) due to the presence of leaky vasculature in the tumor tissues which contributes to its enhanced efficacy. Also recently, NCs have shown to be effective in the treatment of malignant mesothelioma [19]. A recent study by Kanai et al. showed that the NC albumin-bound paclitaxel and carboplatin (nabPC) repetitively achieved tumor regression in malignant mesothelioma

The efficient delivery of drugs and energy to tumors faces several difficulties and obstacles that need to be overcome for effective cancer treatment. Nanoparticles administrated through intravenous injections accumulate at a tumor site due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, but only a small quantity of the injected particles can actually “reach the tumor” (Su et al, 2016). The majority of the nanoparticles interact with “cancer cells at the periphery of a tumor” which presents a “physiological barrier” that prevents most of the injected particles from reaching the tumor (Su et al, 2016). In addition to this barrier, there is also another significant obstacle, “cancer-associated fibroblasts”, which can also

Breast cancer treatment and therapy with nanomedicine is a fad nowadays and rightfully so, it is the need of the minute. The incidence rate of breast cancer has witnessed a minimum 10-fold increase in the past few decades. The mortality rate in women is rising and breast cancer is a major contributing factor. Due to several changes in the hormonal, nutritional and environmental factors over the years, there is a shift observed in the rise of breast cancer. At a point, conventional mammography for detection and early treatment was the focal point but with the advent of research methodologies, nanomedicine has come into play. The scientific world is encouraged to develop methods that utilize nanoparticles for targeting the vicious breast cancer tumors. The cardinal reason for the preference of nanoparticles is its minute size and structure. In addition, the surge in the demand is also due to the much-favoured ability of the nano particulates for the therapeutic delivery of the drug and the reduced cytotoxic effects to the surrounding tissues. This, along with the former characterisitic, invariably leads to the increase in demand of the nanoparticles.

RNAi-based modalities offer sequence-specific knockdown of tumor metabolism, presenting a novel alternative to ineffective treatments. This study investigated a pH sensitive siRNA nanoparticle which circumvents traditional barriers in genetic therapy by promoting intracellular delivery, reducing cytotoxic off-target transfections, and facilitating endosomal escape of siRNA. Acyl-CoA synthetase 5 (ACSL5) was explored as a target for knockdown of glioma viability. Poly(2-(diisopropylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (PDPA) nanoparticles were synthesized via nanoprecipitation, measured for cell uptake with fluorescence microscopy,

Nano-Bio Interactions: Create novel platforms for the direct investigation of the nanoparticle-cell interactions, which are very important both to understand nanotoxicity and develop new Nanotoxicology assessment tools.

Nanotechnology is the latest evolving field, and its applications in cancer therapeutics have demonstrated great potential. Specifically, nanomedicine utilizes the advantages of nanodelivery systems [4]. The nanocarrier system is a new system for transporting biological molecules that has the advantages of being highly efficient, non-immunogenic, safe, inexpensive, biodegradable, and stable [4].

Reducing toxicity of therapeutic materials is the main aim of developing drug-delivery systems that is achieved using CNTs.1, 2 The intense interest in CNTs is due to the capability of adsorbing or conjugating with a wide variety of medicinal molecules and their unique chemical and physical properties and potential applications from high strength and low weight nanocomposite materials to electronic devices. Drug molecule penetrate through the cancer cell by CNT to treat diseases and thereby potentially reducing the drug side effects by preserving the non-targeted tissues of the patients.3-5 The

All statistical analysis in this proposal will be done in collaboration with the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Biostatistics Shared Resource. All cell based studies in Aim 1 will be performed in triplicate. All results will be summarized using mean ± SEM, range and median for each continuous measurement and as proportions with confidence intervals for each dichotomous measurement. For in vivo studies proposed in Aim 2, 5 animals per arm will be utilized to validate in vivo impact of nanoparticle delivered drugs. Immunofluorescence analysis of resulting tumors will be compared for differences between the groups using ANOVA generating two-sided p-values, adjusting for the molecular subtype and accounting for repeated measures over time. For the 4 group comparison,

Two of their main characteristics allows a major advantage over non-biodegradable delivery systems. Biodegradability is an important first characteristic of the polymer, and thus not required to remove it. The second one being the release rate more regular and less dependent on the intrinsic property of the polymer used. Commercially, Poly lactic acid as a polymeric carrier is the choice on account of their harmlessness to the human body. As cognized, the smaller particles give rise to faster release rates and hence used in this study for drug delivering

Nanomaterials including ZnO NPs and silica based nanomaterials can enter the body through different routes via intraperitonial, intravenous, intradermal, subcutaneous, oral or by inhalation. After entering inside the body, NPs can cause pulmonary toxicity (Kaewamatawong et al., 2006; Jacobsen et al., 2015), hepatotoxicity (Mansouri et al., 2015; Watson et al., 2015), immunotoxicity (Kim et al., 2014), neurotoxicity (Karmakar et al., 2014), renal toxicity (Ben-Slama et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2015) and reprotoxicity (Xu et al., 2014). Due to their nanosize range, nanoparticles can cross the blood-testis and blood-brain barrier, and also have the trans-placental ability (De Jong et al., 2008; Lankveld et al., 2010). After crossing the

The block polymers are synthesized in 3 step reactions, and the hydrogels may be biodegradable in vitro and have minimal cytotoxicity in a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line [100]. The histomorphology and electrophysiology was studied in rabbits and the neuroretina was preserved after 2 months of intravitreal injection. In another instance, the administered intravitreal release profile of bevacizumab from poly(ethylene glycol)-poly-(serinol hexamethylene urethane) (ESHU) hydrogel was also studied for 9 weeks, and averaged 4.7 times higher than in eyes that received bolus bevacizumab injections. No significant elevation in the IOP was noted after injection, nor any severe inflammatory reaction [45]. Compared to the conventionally used PEG-PCL-PEG or PEG-PLA-PEG hydrogels, the ESHU hydrogel and its degradation products were more biocompatible (absence of lactic acid), and the structure may have a stronger affinity for protein and peptide structures. Thus, the development of such suitable materials may proceed in the treatment of wet AMD. Moreover, the four-arm PEG were crosslinked via the maleic and thiol end groups of the PEG chains in situ, and this type of biocompatible hydrogel may be used for Avastin delivery in vivo. A sustained released was obtained within 14 days, and over 70% of the drug was released during a release test. Further investigation of the long-term release and hydrogel

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, such as Fe3O4 classified as biocompatible (Kunzmann et al., 2011) and low toxic nanomaterials in the human body studied (Jeng and Swanson, 2006; Karlsson et al., 2009) which make them have attracted great interest in biomedicine. However, little studies report in the human and existence the criteria to define the toxicity of nanomaterials does not guarantee that iron oxide nanoparticles pose no potential risks in a challenge with environmental systems and are suitable for use in widespread applications. Hence, due to their final destination in the aquatic ecosystems, it seems like the benefits and risk assessments of Fe3O4-MNPs are necessary to be clearly defined in aqua-life systems. In this regards, we

The present study showed formulation of ICPNP using electrostatic interaction in between SA, a negatively charged polymer and GCS, a positively charged copolymer 4. This ICPNP has ability to self assemble in aqueous phase due to hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts present in GCS copolymer 4. The zeta potential of nanoparticle was negative that represents SA present in outer surface of polymeric nanoparticle. This nanoparticle composed of SA and GCS copolymer has four distinct function: i) SA on outer surface provides stability to formulation and sustained release of drug; ii) the GCS part of ICPNP restricts conversion of AmB molecular forms from monomeric to multimeric thus reduces toxicity of the AmB; iii) the ICPNP provides desired localization and biodistribution of AmB in tissues; iv) the SA in outer surface of ICPNP have ability to induce various proinflamatory cytokines and chemokines through macrophage activation via NF-kappaB pathway (Saswat, et al.2104).

All results collectively showed that hexane extract and its solid nanoparticles as well as its liposomal form exhibited high cytotoxic activity. DPPC/DOPC-hexane extract cytotoxicity was selectively depends on the cell line and