The Use Of Nitrooxy

Before the start of this experiment, the theoretical yield was calculated. Based off the data, it was found that the limiting reagent is 3-nitrobenzaldehyde. The theoretical yield is determined by relating the moles of the limiting reagent to the moles of the anticipated product by a ratio obtained from the overall equation. The theoretical yield was calculated to be 1.3 g. However, the actual yield obtained was greater than the theoretical yield; in other words, the actual mass of the product was higher than the theoretical mass. This led to an abnormally high yield of 320% and an impure product.

This is because it is high in tannin. Tannin is a naturally occurring compound that is very slow to digest. This slow digestion releases gasses slowly from the gut of the cow, greatly reducing the risk of bloat. This feature is great because beef producers can graze their cattle on the after feed, or even before it is cut. Also because of this, many people will plant sainfoin in a grass mix as CRP. Although it is more expensive seed than alfalfa, it costs less to produce because it needs considerably less water and practically no herbicides or pesticides. The lowere cost to produce means the hay can be sold cheaper than alfalfa hay, gaining the attention of many horse people in Montana and Idaho. There is no evidence that it would help, but logic suggests this hay would be good to feed to horses prone to colic. Some research is currently being done to test this

1998). The amount of the n-6 PUFA group remains similar in both diets, with grain-fed cattle having a bit more, however, amounts of the n-3 PUFA group change increasing from 100% to 400% in grass-fed cattle due increases in linolenic acid. (Enser et al. 1998; Descalzo et al. 2005). This results in an n-6/n-3 ratio between 3.72 and 4.13 in grass-fed cattle, versus 5.73 and 6.56 in grain-fed, where a lower ratio is considered more beneficial (Descalzo et al. 2005). In general, the percentage of PUFA decreased from a range of 8.68% to 10.31% in grass-fed cattle to 7.29% to 8.19% (of total FA) in grain fed cattle. PUFAs are known to reduce LDL oxidation, and cholesterol levels, reducing the risk of coronary events, and hence also affirm the notion of grass fed being healthier (Mata et al.

The above research shows that endocrine disruptors may pose the greatest risk during prenatal and early postnatal development when organ and neural systems are developing. Additionally, the consequences in animals linked to early exposure may not be apparent until later in life, but EDC’s can affect subfertility, premature reproductive senescence, and cancer. These issues are our greatest concern, and alternative precautionary strategies must be adopted, which including seeking to eliminate or minimize unnecessary risks to the fetus, even in the absence of clear proof of harm. Some of these steps can be taken by individuals, such as lifestyle changes in women who are pregnant, and reducing exposures through the release of chemicals to the environment. However, clinicians and scientist must educate law officials and the public about the threats of endocrine disruptors in order to adverse the trends of disease and destruction throughout the

Meat and dairy productions’ livestock is responsible for over 51% of the greenhouse gas emissions, that could be cut by over 70% if we changed our diets to vegan or vegetarian. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the animals on the farms produce over 500 million ton of manure each

Methylcoccus capsulatus is a Gram negative bacterium that is spherically shaped. It can grow in a wide variety of environments where oxygen is readily available, including soil and landfills. Furthermore, it is a methanotrophic bacterium, meaning that it uses methane as a carbon source and oxidizes it thus eliminating some of the methane that is emitted into the environment. Cows generate a significant amount of methane. This is concerning as it contributes to global warming. Rumen is the gastrointestinal tract of cows is the primary site for microbial fermentation of cattle feed. Dr. Kenmore believes that putting pmoCAB genes from M. capsulatus into E. coli will decrease the amount of methane that cows produce.

The federal government should pass a law so farmers and companies can implement dietary strategies to their cattle because it will reduce the carbon dioxide and methane gasses released in the environment. According to Karen Beauchemin and Sean McGinn, members of the Agri-Food Canada Research Centre noted, “methane emitted from the livestock sector contributes to greenhouse gas emission worldwide” (653). With the cattle’s corn diet, which makes the cattle create methane that “is

As mentioned above, people are concerned a large amount of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide being released from the slaughter houses every day. There’s a proof that slaughtering livestock have resulted in the air pollution, water pollution, and polluted soil. “The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations recently repor1ted that livestock production is one of the major causes of the world's most pressing environmental problems, including global warming, land degradation, air and water pollution” (Finding A Scientific Connection Between Food Choices And The Environment 3). Farming and slaughtering cattle not only require a vast area and a huge amount of water, but it is also the potential contributor to the greenhouse gas emissions,

This problem is an important issue around the world. In 2003 New Zealand even tried to put a tax on cow flatulence. In New Zealand cows and other livestock produce 34% of their greenhouse gasses. It is said that by 2030, the percentage of gas created by cows could be up by 60%. A cow is a type of animal called a ruminant. Ruminants eat their food and throw it up as cud. After they have thrown it up as cud they eat it again. Cows have four stomachs that they use for digestion and they digest similarly to humans. The stomach of a cow is filled with bacteria that helps them digest foods. Those bacteria also create massive amounts of methane. (1)

One critical problem of industrial feedlots is that they devastate the environment due to the grand scale of emissions, odors, and bi-products of the oversized “farms”. With tens of thousands of livestock, comes hundreds of thousands of pounds of waste and manure. Many times, feedlot owners allow the manure to settle in the lots without disposing of it properly because there is just too much of it to contain. This waste can seep into the ground, supersaturating the earth with nitrogen, ammonia, phosphorus, and oxygen-stealing compounds; moreover, manure serves as a breeding ground for diseases and pathogens. In an agricultural paper published by the University of Minnesota, Dr. Mindy Spiehs (animal scientist) and Dr. Sagar Goyal (molecular

Abstract This paper describes the process of determining an unknown isomer of nitroacetanilide over a two-week process. The first step was synthesizing acetanilide from aniline and acetic anhydride. The resulting acetanilide product yield was 11.01 grams, giving a percent yield of 76.99%. Once this was achieved and verified through melting point, IR, and NMR tests, with a melting point range of 112° - 115.5° C.

Compounds like methane may be present in VOC emission. This of course is a potential threat to the ozone and our environment as a whole (10). According to recent studies, current emissions are sparse and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) would want to keep it that way. A change in starch breakdown in the rumen can affect the composition of the feces. There could be an increase in feces, which would include excreted modified E.coli and starch products, that could ultimately have an effect on the environment. The EPA would be concerned about this proposal without knowledge of how it will affect air and even soil quality. The EPA can also regulate genetically modified microorganisms like E.coli under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). Because of this act our proposal could be limited by two factors. A Microbial Commercial Activity Notice (MCAN) would need to be submitted at least 90 days before commercial use of the GMO and/or a TSCA Environmental Release Applications (TERA) must be submitted before commercial research and development (11). The EPA and its agencies then have the authority to decide if they will allow the proposal to be enacted. Fortunately, there is no foreseen toxicity and because we are working on a bacterial level, heavy restrictions are not

The two loosely packed silage’s also indicated an increased production of Clostridia behaviour as the pH was slightly higher from the conversion of lactate to butyrate, caused specifically by Saccharolytic Clostridia (Muck R E 1988), and the high levels of Ammonia Nitrogen due to the Clostridia consuming the amino acids and proteins and producing ammonia as the waste product. This data suggests that this kikuyu grass barely entered the primary fermentation stage properly due to the incredibly loose packing of the grass, therefore having a large surface area, and having a constant supply of oxygen. As seen in figure 10., the Crude Protein (CP) percentage in the silage of the immature and mature loosely packed kikuyu is also the most varied from the grass CP (0.7% difference for the immature, 0.2% for the mature), further indicating the Clostridia growth as the Proteolytic Clostridia (Muck R E 1988) consumed the protein and converted it to ammonia during the fermentation, and therefore there is less protein available for the ruminants to digest and absorb (Rasby R, Martin J, n.d). Although the two loosely packed silage’s had a low butyric acid percentage, the other factors indicated that this was the poorest silage when applying it to real scenarios; the high ammonia and poor nutritional value makes this silage disastrous to feed to

The CA line pigs fed a diet without P supplementation were capable of growing equivalently to the non-transgenic pigs fed a diet with supplemental P, meaning that transgenic pigs are not hampered by the transgene when it comes to growth performance. As farmers tend to prefer pigs that grow well, this finding means that transgenic pigs can be considered as suitable replacements to the conventional pig. In addition, because gain to feed ratios are similar between the two breeds, farmers should be more tolerant of the modified pigs. The health of the CA pigs also appears to be similar to the Yorkshire, as the blood serum P and alkaline phosphatase concentration are in range for correct bone formation, though this was not tested. Most importantly, however, are the P retention and output percentages of the CA pigs. Based on data from this study, transgenic pigs excrete far less P (Meidinger et al., 2013), which in turn leads to lower P in manure runoff, a major source of water pollution. With a lower P excretion without supplemental phytase, the transgenic pig appears to be better for the environment than the Yorkshire. The phytase secretion in the saliva of the CA pigs, therefore, appears to be sufficient for P digestion. Additionally, the phytase secretion seems to aid in the utilization of macrominerals, which may limit ammonia emissions from the pigs, another environmental benefit (Meidinger et al., 2013). Consequently, the Enviropig appears to be a suitable strategy in managing the environmental effects of swine production, aside from the possible denitrification of soil (Yang et al., 2008). In order to be entirely certain the transgenic pig is advantageous in reducing environmental impact, studies must be done to weigh the benefits and detriments. In addition, the public must also accept the

In 2012 a study was funded through the New Zealand Government in support of the intentions of the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and its Livestock Research Group (Morton, 2014). The aim of the programme was to breed sheep for farms in New Zealand that emit low-methane, all the while maintaining their