The Use Of Pethidine As A Pharmaceutical Method For Pain Relief Essay

It relies on persuasive tactics to ensure compliance. Being medical-based, it aims to reduce morbidity and reduce premature mortality and is conceptualised around the absence of disease. As midwives do not regard pregnancy and child-birth as states of ill-health, its validity in midwifery care must be questioned (Dunkley, 2000a). The benefits of breastfeeding are well-documented (Appendix Two), however difficulties arise in making this information relevant and personal to each woman. Often, simply giving women ‘information’ makes little difference to them (Dunkley, 2000b).

I believe as a Midwifery Student at Australian Catholic University (ACU) that childbirth is a natural life process. Within my philosophy, my aim is to provide a women-centred care based on evidence- based practice. Also the importance of supporting women with cultural variation, social circumstance and understanding other specific needs throughout the woman’s pregnancy. The women-centred care is an essential quality to a midwife as it ensure that the women is educated in healthy lifestyle choices within pregnancy, childbirth and during parenthood. This relationship of “women-centred care” is the key to midwifery practices as Australian College of Midwives (2009) refers to the philosophy of maternity care that promotes a holistic approach by recognising each women’s social, emotional, physical, spiritual and cultural needs. In retrospect, it is important to reflect on your past experiences during your midwifery practice but also your life beyond midwifery.

Giving birth to a baby is the most amazing and miraculous experiences for parents and their loved ones. Every woman’s birth story is different and full of joy. Furthermore, the process from the moment a woman knows that she’s pregnant to being in the delivering room is very critical to both her and the newborn baby. Prenatal care is extremely important and it can impact greatly the quality of life of the baby. In this paper, the topic of giving birth will be discussed thoroughly by describing the stories of two mothers who gave birth in different decades and see how their prenatal cares are different from each other with correlation of the advancement of modern medicine between four decades.

Within Victoria there are multiple models of maternity care available to women. An initial discussion with the woman’s treating GP during the early stages of her pregnancy is critical in her decision-making about which model of care she will choose and this key discussion is essential in allowing a woman to make the first of many informed decisions throughout her pregnancy. According to a survey conducted by Stevens et al. (2010) only 43% of women felt ‘they were not supported to maintain up-to-date knowledge on models of care, and most reported that model of care referrals were influenced by whether women had private health insurance coverage.’ Many elements of these models of care differ: from location of care, degree of caregiver continuity, rates of intervention and maternal and infant health, outcomes access to medical procedure, and philosophical orientation such as natural or medical (Stevens, Thompson, Kruske, Watson, & Miller, 2014). According to the World Health Organization (1985) and Commonwealth of Australia (2008) there is a recognition that ‘85% of pregnant women are capable of giving birth safely with minimal intervention with the remaining 15% at potential risk of medical complications’ (McIntyre & Francis, 2012).

Midwives have a responsibility towards the woman throughout her pregnancy journey by promoting normality whilst acting as her advocate and maintaining her autonomy. The woman throughout the pregnancy continuum will undoubtedly have expectations of receiving good care where her preferences and any concerns which may arise are dealt with in a professional manner. This essay aims to explore key areas of care such as communication, obtaining consent, maintaining autonomy and confidentiality. This will show how the midwife utilises their ethical and professional knowledge to inform their practice to meet such demands.

The purpose of this to explore the published research to critically analyse the evidence around the topic of perineal massage in the intrapartum period, and why it is important for midwives to use evidence based practice in order to provide the best possible care.

According to Lowe (2017), “…across the United States, a woman presents every 3 minutes to an emergency department for opioid misuse or abuse” (p.657). With the significant increase in the misuse of opioids over the last thirty years in the US, it has become a serious public health concern. With the most dramatic rise in opioid use being of childbearing age women, it is a very important issue in maternal health care (Keough & Fantasia, 2017). It is imperative that nurses are informed and have efficient knowledge of the potential risks, effects, treatment, and prevention of opioid dependence during pregnancy.

Bernadette Ward RN, Midwife, Grad Cert Ed, MPHandTM, MHlth Sci Lecturer, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia. B.Ward@latrobe.edu.au Glenda Verrinder RN, Midwife, Grad Cert Higher Ed, Grad Dip Pub and Com Health, MHlth Sci Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia.

There is a growing concern for the use of opiates in pain management and other medical treatments. Due to illegal use and abuse of the opiates, there has been an increase in overdose and dependency throughout the nation and even the world. The use of opiate substances can include pain management and even cough suppression in severe cases; however, the side affects make the drugs appealing to those with substance abuse problems. President Donald Trump has declared the opioid epidemic a national public health emergency, which has led to the discussions of how to control the abuse of these substances (Merica). Despite the growing concern about opioid use, there are some benefits in the use of opioid substances in pain management. Many argue,

Opioid-induced adverse effects are a very interesting topic and does play a big part in patient safety. It’s estimated that more than half of older adults who reside in a healcre related community have a chronic pain disorder, with the long-term care setting rate of prevalence substantially increased (up to almost 90%). Physicians across all care settings are tasked with the daunting challenge of providing pain relief while, at the same time, minimizing opioid-induced side effects. Some of the common opioid-induced side effects are Constipation, Nausea, Vomiting, Pruritus, Sweating, Sedation, Fatigue, Headache, Delirium, Confusion, Clouded vision, Dizziness, Xerostomia, Postural Hypotension, Bladder Dysfunction such as Urinary Retention,

The research question implied by the study was whether use of a peanut ball could be an effective "nurse driven intervention" (Tussey, et. al., 2015) to decrease the length of labor and increase the rate of vaginal birth for women under epidural pain management. The research question stemmed from the increased use of peanut balls in labor and delivery; however, actual research on the outcomes of the use of peanut balls was limited, specifically involving the efficacy of such intervention with women using epidural pain management.

Pain is one of the common symptoms that have numerous causes. The experience, severity and tolerance of pain vary from one person to other. Non- pharmacological and pharmacological management helps to control the pain. Non- pharmacological management may not be entirely efficient; therefore, people seek pharmacological treatment for effective pain management. Various medications are provided to the individual experiencing pain to relieve discomfort. The use of narcotics for treatment of pain has been increasing remarkably. According to Spine-health (2015), the uses of narcotics have risen sharply and have increased the role of addiction (para. 3). Nurses do fall in the trap of addiction for various reasons such as job stress, job work area or poor health conditions. Dufrene (2008) wrote, “Addiction is a chronic, inacurable, but treatable brain disease” (Understanding Addiction, para. 1). This paper explores the human health experience of a wonderful nurse who shared her hardship with all her heart. For confidentiality purpose, the individual will be referred to as Mrs. White. This paper scrutinizes what factors shaped Mrs. White’s overall health experience. Further, this paper focuses on abstract concepts that have stood out for me in relation to Mrs. Wright’s narrative such as coping, support and hope. This paper also includes my reflection and interpretation of the meaning of Mrs. Wright’s experience both personally and professionally.

Providing continuous physical and emotional support during labour can reducing maternal fear, stress, and anxiety and protect physiological birth (Steen, 2012). Research shows that fear and anxiety during labour and birth can be detrimental to physiological birth. An environment that women feel unsafe in may stimulate a surge of neuro-hormones that can influence both fetal and maternal physiology, causing irregularity of contractions, fetal distress and subsequent medical inteverntions (Fahy & Parratt, 2006). Conversly, maintaining an environment where women feel safe, protected and supported can facilitate favourable physiological performance (Fahy & Parratt, 2006). Midwives can do this by giving women one-on-one continuous support and placing her at the centre of care throughout childbirth (Steen, 2012). As observed in practice, by constantly reassuring the woman about her progress, her baby’s health and addressing any of her concerns, the midwife can provide a calm and relaxing environment that is conducive to the labouring woman (Buckley, 2015; Steen, 2012). The midwife worked with the woman, encouraging her throughout labour and birth by telling her that she was doing extremely well. The midwife also breathed in-tune with the woman while giving her a back massage, inducing a sense of comfort. The atmosphere was calm and this contributed to the woman garnering confidence in her ability to avoid medical pain relief. Downe (2008) noted that the positive impact of

Pharmacological comfort measures can provide partial or complete pain relief. The epidural is the most efficient way of reducing labor pain. Opioids can be given continuously or in intermittent doses at the patient 's request or through the patient controlled pump. There is the potential for these drugs to have some effect on the fetus, such as breathing difficulties that may require assistance through the use of Narcan. Providing pain relief during the labor process is solely the patient’s choice, and as the nurse only support and encouragement should be given for however she chooses to handle the pain. (Jansen, Gibson, Bowles, & Leach, 2013)

Childbirth can be described as one of the most rewarding and also painful experiences in a woman’s life. Most women choose some type of method to ease pain, however, there has been a lot of controversy over with pain management method is the most effective. According to the CDC (Center for Disease Control), In 2013, there were 3,932,181 births recorded in the United States, 32.7% of those births were surgical procedures. In 2012, 1.36% of recorded births occurred out-of-hospital, meaning these births took place mostly in homes or birthing centers. Without the option of medicine that a hospital provides, how were these women able to manage their pain during labor and delivery. There are many different methods for easing pain during childbirth, some methods involve the use of medicine and surgery, and others include natural techniques, such as hypnosis, Lamaze, and many others. It is a personal preference of the parents over which method is right for the needs of the mother and child. This can be an overwhelming decision for new parents to make because they have to take into consideration the safety of the mother and child, pain management for the mother and desire for medical involvement.