The Use Of Pvp As A Dye Solvent

[3] Song, K., Kuzmany, H., Wallraff, G. M., Miller, R. D., & Rabolt, J. F. (1990). Spectroscopic characterization of piezochromism in poly (alkylsilanes): poly (di-n-hexylsilane). Macromolecules, 23(16), 3870-3872.

30-33). Edexcel Limited. Jenkins, A., Kratochvíl, P., Stepto, R. F., & Suter, U. W. (2009). Glossary of Basic Terms in Polymer Science. Pure and Applied Chemistry , 68 (12), 2287-2311.

Both natural and synthetic polymers are a vital part of our daily lives. Natural polymers are found in rubber, skin, hair etc. Synthetic polymers are found in nylon, polyester, plastic, chewing gum etc. This lab is demonstrating the properties of the common synthetic polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). It is often used as a thickener or stabilizer cosmetics but also in paper cloths, films and cements.

Two methods were utilized in order to purify and extract the pigmented compounds within MI-1 and MI-2. These methods were column chromatography with a silica base gel and solid phase extraction utilizing LC-Diol and LC-Si cartridges. These methods all revolve around trying to purify polar compounds from nonpolar impurities and were chosen since prodigiosin is a polar compound containing three pyrrole rings (6). Upon completion of techniques, two primary compounds were extracted via column chromatography: a red pigmented compound, and a UV sensitive compound. The UV sensitive compound was stored as it was not the focus of this study. The LC-Diol cartridge successful in extracting the red pigmented compound, while the LC-Si cartridge would no elute the compound.

Initially known amount of zeolite was uniformly dispersed in N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) using ultrasonication for 2 h at 30°C. 3 g of PVC polymer was then added to the solution with stirring at ambient temperature for 1-2 hours and left undisturbed for few hours to result bubble free homogenous polymer solution. This solution was further cast on a glass plate and kept in oven maintained at60°C for 48h to produce dense membrane. This method of producing dense membrane is termed as “solution casting and solvent evaporative

Polymers have been changing the way we live for over 100 years. Their availability and diverse qualities ensure that they are always in high demand, and new polymers are always being discovered. Where does this leave the now commonplace polymers which once were ubiquitous in commerce? Polymers such as polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride (Bakelite) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were first synthesised in 1907 and 1938 respectively, making them old by polymer standards. Although the original polymer applications are now redundant, they have found uses in new areas of society. This dynamic aspect of polymers is due to their unique structure. Polymers are created from many small molecules (or monomers) reacting with each other, and arranging

PPV, otherwise known as polyphenylene vinylene are electric conductors that processed into tiny films which emit a bright fluorescent yellow light which could potentially be a replacement for LEDS in electronics. PPV is prepared from p-xylene-bis and the addition of acetonitrile-tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate and from there, the product is treated with heat to eliminate diethyl sulfide, HCL, and ethyl sulfide to form the final product, PPV. Similarly, another method, called direct chemical polymerization, formed PPV but it was only in the form of powder which could not be turned into tiny films for commercial use. In lab, we learned that PPV precursor can be synthesized in a one step reaction from p-xylene using NBs. In the reaction with

Filtration is a technique which separates more than two substances from a fluid stream. The selective membrane plays a role of a selective barrier. It permits the passage of particular constituents of the mixture while trapping other mixture components. Commonly used membrane processes encompass reverse osmosis (hyperfiltration), ultrafiltration and microfiltration. The ultrafiltration membrane separates suspended solids from water sources without coagulation. An ultrafiltration retains particles whose molecular weights range from 1000 to 1,000,000. An ultrafiltration functions by driving the mixture solution under pressure over the appropriately supported membrane. The gradient of the pressure pushes the small species and the solvent through the membrane pores while trapping large mixture component. Backflushing or addition of chlorinated water is used to clean the membrane. They restore the pores of the membrane and allow the usage of the membrane for unlimited periods. There various pros and cons of different types of membrane ultrafiltration and their usage vary from one type to another. This paper discusses technical appreciation of the membrane ultrafiltration in the removal of environmental contaminants. It also highlights the present applications, practice and future opportunities of ultrafiltration membrane in the removal of environmental contaminants.

Polylactic acid polymers (PLA) appear to be a very promising material for use as a

P123, a nonionic surfactant, is easy to separate, biodegradable, nontoxic and not costly to purchase (Stevens et al. 2006), (Zhao et al. 1998). P123 has the potentials to template ordered mesoporous materials and also to form more stable mesoporous silica materials (Kipkemboi et al. 2001).

VA CNT synthesis and VA CNT membrane fabrication procedures were followed from the protocols of our previous study [28]. VA CNT synthesis was based on the water vapor assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. VA CNTs were grown on a Fe (1.5 nm)/Al (15 nm)/Si wafer. After the coating, the Si wafer was cut into rectangular chips, with the dimension of 9 mm width and 9 mm length, and the chopped chips were inserted in a cylindrical electric furnace of a CVD machine. Carbon source was high-purity ethylene gas (99.99%) at a flow rate of 100 sccm (standard cubic centimeters per minute indicating cc/min at a standard temperature and pressure). Argon (99.999%) was used as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 300 sccm. Hydrogen gas (99.999%, 200 sccm) and water vapor (50 sccm) by argon purging were added to the gases stream. Reaction was performed at 750 °C for 40 min.

The desired FO membranes consist of the following characteristics: (1) an ultrathin semi-permeable active layer with a high water flux and high solute rejection; (2) a thin supporting layer with high porosity and low internal concentration polarization (ICP); (3) hydrophilic nature to enhance water flux and reduce membrane fouling; and (4) sufficient mechanical strength and robust to sustain backwash, cleaning and vibration in industrial operations [9, 10]. Recently, efforts were done to develop new types of FO membranes with better properties. Based on the fabrication methods, the newly developed membranes can be classified into two main kinds: cellulosic and thin film composite (TFC).

The report firstly introduced Acrylonitrile butadiene Styrene copolymers(ABS) basic information included Acrylonitrile butadiene Styrene copolymers(ABS) definition classification application industry chain structure industry overview; international market analysis, China domestic market analysis, Macroeconomic environment and economic situation analysis and influence, Acrylonitrile butadiene Styrene copolymers(ABS) industry policy and plan, Acrylonitrile butadiene Styrene copolymers(ABS) product specification, manufacturing process, product cost structure etc.

GO has also been mixed with the polymeric matrix to fabricate different nanocomposite membranes, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) MF/UF [141,224,225], polyether sulfone (PES) NF membranes [226] and PSf [162]. One of the main drawbacks of the blending technique is the absence of GO direct exposure to foulants, which restricts the interaction between foulants and GO. Accordingly, the superior GO features, in terms of antifouling, will not be entirely exploited. The direct deposition of GO nanosheets on the membrane surface is a more effective technique for fouling control, hence the GO/foulants interaction can be maximized. The exceptional structure of GO confers a considerably greater contact area for the convenient interaction

Due to the main objective of any research work is to try to solve a problem. Hence in this work we are trying to develop novel ultrafiltration membranes using grapheme oxide as inorganic additive to be able to facing the water