The Use Of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

Michael Longaker’s interests lie at the intersection of wound/bone regeneration and stem cell biology. In the Peripheral Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Candidate Cells Responsible for Healing Critical-Sized Calvarial Bone Defects, the efficacy of peripheral blood (PB) for use in regenerative medicine is significant, with its retrieval viewed as relatively easy. Experiments such as bone regeneration were carried out with the use of PB stem cells. The paper finds that through a specific coculturing process mesenchymal cells can be derived from PB (CD34+) which happen to be choice candidates for quicker bone healing and re-calcification in bone defects (Li). The key discoveries here are the identification of easily retrievable source of stem cells, which help give rise, under a specific culturing protocol, to a specific group of non-hematopoietic cells. This is directly in line with Dr. Longaker’s research as he investigates the possible uses of regenerative medicine in skeletal regeneration. Here we are provided an example of how these CD45- cells can be utilized for treatment of bone defects as it facilitations bone formation and osteogenesis. What should be asked here is how viable is this form of treatment. There is a lot of discussion surrounding the necessary conditions to produce these BD-MSCs and how it is very condition dependent. It would have been preferable to know the amount of time and the amount of cells required to see efficient

In 2011, Professor Susmita Bose, of Washington State University, modified a ProMetal 3D printer to bind chemicals to a ceramic powder, creating intricate scaffolds that promote the growth of bone in any shape. Prof. Bose’s goal is to, one day, be able to implant the bone scaffold with bone growth factors in such a way that the implant is dissolved by natural bone material in even load-bearing bone structures.

Our bone grafting procedure is designed to help build up the bone to a level adequate for dental implant placement. This means literally adding material to your jawbone in order to add thickness and stability. This new material will fuse with your existing bone to create a the necessary foundation for a dental

Figure 7 shows how endocytosis inhibition blocked ALN- induced bone formation in vivo. To examine if endocytotic inhibition affected the ALN-induced bone formation in vivo, DC was added to the ALN solution and put the extracted teeth in the solution and then replanted them. More bone tissue observed in ALN-treated tissue than in PBS-treated tissue on day 7. Adding DC to the ALN solution drastically reduce the ALN-induced increase in ALP-positive cell ratios and the ALN-induced decrease of attached TRAP-positive cells. Part A is a hematoxylin and eosin staining of the mesial and distal root. Part B is bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) between the mesial and distal roots of replanted teeth was determined. Part C is ALP staining, the image taken

In recent years, advancements in the field of tissue engineering coupled with a growing demand from orthopedic medicine has led to the interlacing of these fields. This is most evident in the area of development or betterment of orthopedic implants. The needs and uses for orthopedic implants vary, but generally these implants are designed to replace, repair, or support a damaged bone or joint, or to fix a deformation. Specifically when developing a device to fix a medical bone issue, tissue engineering plays a crucial role. Because the implant will be going inside the body, a main area of concern is the biological characteristics of the material used, and how these will affect the compatibility between the implant and body. There has been various studies conducted that show a correlation between the biocompatibility of a material and osteoblast induction. Therefore, when engineering a material it is imperative to maximize the biocompatibility in order to induce osteoblast production, ultimately healing the damaged bone. This review

Although two recent meta-analysis have been published on this topic(38,39), they did not assess the entire spectrum of regenerative periodontal therapy techniques. Furthermore, none of these reviews meta-analyzed the safety profile of such procedures and only one admitted comparisons between different types of interventions.(38) Thus, a new systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy and safety of all possible regenerative techniques may add further information.

(2015年Jan -Jun月). Current overview on dental stem cells applications in regenerative dentistry. J Nat Sci Biol Med, pp. 29-34.

The tight coupling of osteoclast and osteoblast activity continues bone remodeling or bone metabolism. Loss of this coupling might give rise to several skeletal pathologies characterized by increased or decreased osteoclast and osteoblast activities (21). Bone remodeling process is controlled by nervous regulation. Inputs from the central and peripheral nervous system feed into the already complex regulatory machinery controlling bone remodeling(22). Florent et al. has described the function of a number of “osteo-neuromediators” including norepinephrine and the beta 2-adrenergic receptor, Neuropeptide Y and the Y1 and Y2 receptors, endocannabinoids and the CB1 and CB2 receptors, as well as dopamine, serotonin and their receptors and transporters,

A bone graft substitutes is a biocompatible material that used to promote a bone defects healing by providing a biologic response to the local site [45]. In orthopedic surgery, exposure to a severe injury commonly requires surgical intervention to compensate and repair the defected site. Bone grafts often need to replace the lost part principally in critical bone size defect, with which the reconstructive process will be enhanced by supporting the tissue growth. Replacement techniques are varied based on using a conventional graft, advanced synthetic materials or a combination of both.

The authors reiterate that bone healing is one of the most difficult events leading to the remodeling of cracked bone with no the creation of scar tissue. The physiological procedure includes many cell types joined to form tissue biochemically in the injured region (Pountos et al., 2012). The oblique bone healing starts straight away following injuries with the interruption of area blood distribution, hematoma, and hypoxia formation (Pountos et al., 2012). Cytokines and development agents are produced systematically to encourage an osteogenic effect on the osteoprogenitor cells (Pountos et al.,

The worldwide incidence of bone disorders and conditions has trended steeply upward and is expected to double by 2020, especially in populations where aging is coupled with increased obesity and poor physical activity. Engineered bone tissue has been viewed as a potential alternative to the conventional use of bone grafts, due to their limitless supply and no disease transmission. However, bone tissue engineering practices have not proceeded to clinical practice due to several limitations or challenges. Bone tissue engineering aims to induce new functional bone regeneration via the synergistic combination of biomaterials, cells, and factor therapy. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of bone tissue engineering, highlighting the current

Based on the principle of Melcher (1976), GTR can be considered as a therapeutic resource that facilitates the repair of bone and periodontal defects, furcation lesions and gingival recessions, regenerating tooth support tissues, through the use of barrier materials such as membranes, that exclude the gingival epithelium from the root surface and provide allow spaces held by the barrier membranes (BM) to be filled by desired tissue (bone). (2, 3) By selecting the type of cells that will repopulate the wound, we allow the cells of the periodontal ligament to regenerate the lost tissues, inhibiting the early migration of the epithelial cells. (4-6) Despite the use of biomaterials to support membranes seems to improve the results, there still are many problems

A bone graft can be done by autograft when using the patient’s own harvested bone or allograft with cadaver bone from a bone bank. Then, there is material that is used for the replacement of bone with an osseous synthetic form when necessary to replace areas of damage to bones. Appropriate situations for this process include infection, trauma and/or cancer that has metastasized to bone and destroyed the bone area structure.

Development of scaffolds plays a vital role in bone tissue engineering in order to repair, regenerate tissues by mimicking of natural bone extracellular matrixes. Considering that bone is a composite of minerals and proteins, it is preferred to develop a composite that mimics natural bone. The ideal nanocomposite materials should have biocompatibility, suitable mechanical and antimicrobial properties, nontoxicity and surface functionality to favor cell proliferation.1,2

After deriving growth factors and bone morphogenic protein from mammalian teeth successfully many researchers have supported development of bone substitute using tooth derived substance as graft material. Some studies have shown a great potential use of teeth as carrier of growth factors and stem cell. It has been reported that autogenous bone is regarded as the “gold standard” of bone graft due to its biocompatibility. However, the shortcomings of autogenous bone, such as limited amount, additional surgery, post-operative morbidities and the like are the main reasons for developing various bone graft substitutes.[1, 26]. In 2009, Korea Tooth Bank was established in Seoul for the processing of the tooth-derived materials in Seoul, and an innovative medical service has begun for bone regeneration. Today,