The Use of Metaphors and Epithets in Business Texts

a metaphor, which is the comparison of two things by just stating that one thing is the other.

Writing College, Writing Life’s article Learning the Language by Perri Klass talks about how some professions require abbreviations, which is one of the few times it is accecptable. Abbrevaitons can be helpful and an easy way to write a few words in just a few letters. Teachers do not like abbreviations because the writer tends to assume the reader knows what each acronym means, the paper should be and enjoyable read, not a confusing puzzle. While writing a paper for school teachers do not approve of abbreviation and acronyms, the writer should just take his or her time to write our each word correctly.

These sanctions range from financial institutions, oil refinery and production, third party investors, weapons trade, and investment banking. Unfortunately, these sanctions have yet to effect a change in the Iranian administrative policy on the development of

This paper will seek to identify three key aspects of US sanctions imposed on Iran. First the paper will briefly introduce the reasons as to why US and Iran relations have worsened since the 1979 Islamic Revolution. Secondly, this paper shall outline some of the key sanctions imposed on Iran which have influenced Irans’s behaviour. After sanctions are reviewed, the paper will then summarise the impact of sanctions on Iran. Last but not the least and most importantly, the paper will elaborate how Iran is resisting stringent US sanctions. This paper will argue that despite punitive measures adopted by the US, Iran has found alternative mechanisms to fight them and has reoriented its

The Troika, made up of the International Monetary Fund, European Commissions and the European Central Bank have the most to lose in this debt crisis as they own 78% of Greek debt. With so much to lose we have seen European “bailout” agreements that mostly front the Greek government more money coupled with crippling austerity in an effort to “rebuild” the economy. Austerity discourages growth as it cuts the spending of the government who is by far the biggest spender in the economy. The effects of austerity can be devastating, but the true effects are often hidden beneath the messages we get from mainstream news sources. The stereotype of the Greek people as lazy and tax evading has desensitized the public and has made austerity seem like more of a sensible option. The media messages have made strict austerity measures seem justified and in effect have hegemozined the Greek people.

Language used in a communication could cause confusion if abbreviations or jargon is used inappropriately.

A regime change in Iran could see the lifting of American trade sanctions against Iran; U.S. sanctions have had an impact on Iran’s oil economy. Mohammed Akacem, a petroleum expert at Metropolitan State College of Denver said, “U.S. oil companies would love to go to Iran, so sanctions have retarded a little bit of Iran’s ability to improve its oil sector (qtd. in Beehner).” Securing another efficient source of oil would help to ease the American economy as alternative energy sources are developed, and workers are trained to perform the

* David Cameron 2010- faces domination within a coalition, where he must share power within 2 parties.

In the shortest section of Matthew’s Hardball, “Deals” examines the fundamentals of maintaining face towards the public and furthering politicians’ careers. Matthews, through his variety of examples, explains to his audiences why politicians must be well informed with all news, but also politicians—to remain relevant in Washington—must only speak to the public and colleagues when they are able to improve their position. With this notion of standing by a person’s principles, the Republicans—especially Sen. Lindsay Graham—swift rejection of the Iran Nuclear Deal is not surprising.

Ever since the end of 2009, Greece has been involved in a financial and economic crisis that has been record breaking and shattered world records in terms of its severity and worldwide effects. The Greek government, since the beginning of the crisis, has attempted to take several governmental measures to try and “stop the bleeding,” including economy policy changes, dramatic government spending and budget cuts and the implementation of new taxes for citizens. In addition to this, the government has tried to alter the perceptions of Greek government and economy by the rest of the world in an effort to appear both more liberal and more democratic. Greece has also been working to privatize many previous

Greece’s government trying to impose stringent austerity measures such as tax hikes and salary and pension cuts that cause the economy to contract. Besides, the country has given another 6.8 billion euros in July from the European Union,

Shakespeare’s work is among the hardest to read because of its supposed complexity and sophistication. The language used in the Early Modern Era is different than that of the Post Modern Era. Audiences that saw the performances were aural learners and were able to pinpoint certain tones and facial expressions that readers may not detect through words. Watching the plays performed provided better feedback than readings do (Palfrey 10-11). Metaphors, implicit or explicit, are figures of speech that help compare two unlike things and are not designed for literal intake. Yet, with Shakespeare’s work, metaphors should be taken literally. According to George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, however, this technique of comparison allows metaphors to simultaneously highlight and hide certain attributes and/or qualities about the thing(s) being compared to (12-13). The highlighting and hiding of metaphors gives readers more insight into what Shakespeare may have meant at the time or even more so in what context did the people of the Elizabethan Age use language (Palfrey 11). Two important components of metaphors that do the highlighting and hiding are the vehicle and the tenor; each can be implicit or explicit as well. The metaphor in question emphasizes both the importance and unimportance of Lavinia’s character.

Once the Pahlavi dynasty was overthrown and the country perceived to be taken over by Islamic extremists, the West began researching the development process to make sure the wrong weapons would not fall into the wrong hands, but the capital Tehran encouraged the fact that it was strictly for peaceful purposes. Lies and deceit possessed the rest of the negotiations as both sides tried to get straight answers to understand what was actually going on in the nuclear program, but nevertheless those answers were never found as they were clouded by a long standing hatred between certain Islamic groups and the Western world(). More recently, ten years ago the International Atomic Energy Agency sent agents to inspect Iran’s nuclear facilities and they found trace amounts of enriched uranium at a factory in Natanz, which led to a three-year halt on Iran’s uranium enrichment. After those three years, the enrichment process resumed and the U.N. Security Council responded in 2006 by placing sanctions upon the country’s economy in an effort to curb any further nuclear development. These sanctions, which include a ban on purchasing Iranian oil, a ban on certain Iranians from traveling outside of the country, and a ban on deals with financial institutions from the country, severely crippled Iran’s economy forcing their oil revenue to collapse and creating an almost absurd amount of inflation. Despite this, uranium enrichment has not slowed down for the Iranians as the

(Pavlakis, 2013) With so much to lose we have seen European “bailout” agreements that mostly front the Greek government more money coupled with crippling austerity in an effort to “rebuild” the economy. Austerity discourages growth as it cuts the spending of the government who is by far the biggest spender in the economy. (Kentikelenis et al., 2011) The effects of austerity can be devastating, but the true effects are often hidden beneath the messages we get from mainstream news sources. The stereotype of the Greek people as lazy and tax evading has desensitized the public and has made austerity seem like more of a sensible option. The media messages have made strict austerity measures seem justified and in effect have galvanized the Greek people.

However, not only Iran’s nuclear activities catered for suspicion among the international community. Ahmadinejad’s exclamation, to “wipe Israel off the map” particularly affected the U.S. approach, with Israel being the U.S. most important ally in the region. Even though China was forced to ban military trade with Israel in the beginning of 2005 due to U.S. pressure and with the same reason it already happened during the late 1990’s, Ahmadinejad’s choice of words made China increasingly critical, stating that Israel’s sovereignty has to be respected and that it would not tolerate anything that could alter the stability in the Middle East. At the same time, China progressively opened its borders for the Gulf states, resulting in four rounds of negotiations in the beginning of 2006 regarding customs, trade remedies and trade of goods. The results of these negotiations, a reduction of import tariffs and accelerating oil relations, made China increasingly independent from its trade with Iran, but maintained a close and supportive relationship to it. Consequently, China slowly replaced the United States as a trustworthy, at least trade wise, partner of Saudi Arabia by offering economic incentives paired with