The Use of Salicylic Acid in Medicine

Salbutamol (also known as albuterol in USA) is one of the most famous short-acting β2 agonists. It has become first line treatment for asthma due to its effectiveness. I met this drug in a dispensing session in the first term and I think is a good example of what we have learnt so far. In this essay I will tell you what I know about this drug.

Ever wonder about the chemical makeup of tablets that people take for pain relief? Before a tablet can be successfully made, the limiting and excess reactants must be considered. The limiting reactant will affect the amount of the product that can be made. Another reason why the starting reactants must be determined carefully is to make reduce the amount of the reactant in excess so that reactants are not wasted. This experiment uses an Alka-Seltzer tablet. Alka-Seltzer dissolves in water and is an antacid and a pain reliever1. The Alka-Seltzer tablet has many uses such as relief of headaches, ingestion, heart burns, or even upset stomachs2. The active ingredients in an Alka-Seltzer tablet is aspirin, also known as acetyl-salicylic acid (C8H12O4), citric acid (C6H8O7), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)2. The aspirin in the Alka-Seltzer tablet helps with pain relief. Because of the acid-base chemistry (Brønsted-Lowry), citric acid and sodium bicarbonate produce O2, which makes the tablet fizz when it is dropped in liquid. The Brønsted-Lowry theory shows how the Brønsted-Lowry acid donates a hydrogen ion while the Brønsted-Lowry base accepts the hydrogen ions3. The remaining NaHCO3 that is in excess post reaction with the citric acid is what is used to neutralize stomach acid which helps relief heart burn2. The problem in

Bases are a substance with a pH higher than 7, and have a high concentration of hydroxyl ions. Bases can react with acids in order to neutralise them in order to form salt and water. Bases are normally metal oxides or metal hydroxides. Sodium hydroxide for example is a base.

It absorbs and reflects light, including ultraviolet radiation from the sun, which can cause products to worsen and lose their pigment. Talc, hydrous magnesium silicate (MgSlO4) is used as an absorbent, anti-caking agent. It improves the feel of the product and helps smooth or soften them. Metallic stearates (C17H35CO) also known as stearate salts are used for their moisturizing properties. They help keep the mixture of two or more liquids from separating into their oil and liquid components. The stearate salts increase the thickness of the liquid and reduces the transparent appearance of finished products. Lecithin (C42H82NO8P) or hydrogenated lecithin help cover the appearance of dry or damaged skin by reducing flaking and restoring flexibility. It also has skin-restoring abilities. Sulfosuccinate (C20H37NaO7S) helps the water solubility of other cosmetic ingredients. It also helps form the unblendable mixtures by reducing the surface tension of the substances, which is known as a cleansing agent. Ethoxylated alcohol (C26H50O10), functions as a surfactant and are used as cleansing agents. They clean the skin by helping water mix with oil and dirt so they can be washed away. It also acts as a skin conditioning agent. Bentonite (Al2O34SiO2H2O) has many purposes. It 's used for smoothing, polishing, or abrading other chemicals in the foundation. Helps hold together all of the ingredients. Acts as an absorbent. Increases the volume of a

All submission will be ran through a plagiarism-checker) Due 4-13-18Enzymes play a role to catalyze or increase the rate of a chemical reaction.Aldehydes form reactions that end up producing different products like alcohol.Alkanes help the formic acid spread through the victim’s contact point When they sting.Alkynes form homologous series.Aromatics are ring liked shaped compounds that exhibit stability and produce pleasant smells.Sugar has a role of water and sunlight in the process of photosynthesis.Metric system is used for measurement of different units in the medical field.Acid bases are used to determine ABGs of an individual.Organic compounds provide energy and means to create and maintain life.Matter can be used to determine the mass, volume or density of compounds in the health care.50. Explain how you could possibly use ALL the concepts studied in Chemistry this term in your future nursing career.Beginning with the metric system, I could possibly measure different unit on how to administer doses.So far, I can determine if an individual is suffering from a respiratory or metabolic problem learning the ABGsMoreover, I can determine if someone is hydrated or not from the looks of the urine.I will be able to recognize different organic and inorganic compounds.I will be able to check temperatures of an

Aspirin also known as acetylsalicylic acid is a salicylate drug, often used as an analgesic to relieve minor aches and pains, as an antipyretic to reduce fever, and as an

Acid-base indicators are used widely in research & development and in industry. Certain uses can include checking the pH of a swimming pool as a pH outside of a certain range will either harm swimmers or will not properly clean the pool. Another use of checking the pH of water is in the case of effluent testing, where outflow from a production site is tested for acidity or alkalinity to determine the effect it will have on aquatic organisms in the area.

Pharmaceuticals, although known under many different names, have been an important part of civilization since the Ancient times. They are extremely important in the everyday life of many Canadians who deal with illnesses, diseases, and pain. Chemistry is an integral part of medicines. Were it not for medicines and the pharmaceutical industry, the world would be a very different, very unhealthy place. Medicines are easily taken and forgotten today, but that was not always so.

The production of aspirin begins salicylic acid which has been derived from the active site of salicin found in willow bark. This is done through multi-step process where substrates of salicin are converted into more basic products such as salicylic acid. Salicylic acid cannot be consumed by itself due to the fact that it is bitter and irritates the stomach causing side effects such as nausea and internal bleeding within the stomach. This is due to the fact that salicylic acid exists in protonated form in the stomach; therefore, the pH of the salicylic acid is low, thus affecting the lining of the stomach. Therefore, to stabilise salicylic acid, it is synthesized into acetylsalicylic acid also known as aspirin. Acetylsalicylic acid is not pronated in the stomach and thus, the pH of acetylsalicylic acid is not as low compared to salicylic acid, thus it does not affect the lining of the stomach as much compared to salicylic acid.

Albuterol also known as Salbutamol is a common medication used to treat asthma and similar respiratory ailments.[1] Albuterol is a bronchodilator and works to open the airways of the lungs. Albuterol can be taken intravenously or orally. The preferred method of this substance is orally, which in itself have various ways of being administered. One way is by inhalation, either from a vapor mist in the form of an inhaler and a nebulizer or, as a powder like Advair. In addition to inhalation, albuterol can be ingested as syrup or a tablet. Because of it varying forms Albuterol is can easily meet the need of the patient, making it a popular medication to treat asthma, emphazma, bronchitis and other airway constricting disorders.

Hyperkeratotic plaques can be treated using 2% to 5% of salicylic acid ointment. You must also avoid using harsh detergents and soaps. Be sure to find a moisturizer that is right for your skin type (preferably the ones for sensitive

Throughout history chemistry has had a large impact on the field of medicine. Things such as

The purpose of this experiment is to separate a mixture of salicylic acid and naphthalene using extraction, recrystallization and sublimation techniques. Extraction is the separation of compounds from a mixture based on their relative solubilities in different solvents. Sublimation is the process of separation by which a substance transitions from the solid phase into the gas phase, skipping the liquid phase. Recrystallization involves dissolving a substance in an appropriate solvent then crystallizing it as it cools (impurities remain in solution). The melting points of the substances were determined in order to assess their purity and the percent recovery of pure naphthalene and salicylic acid were calculated. According to the results, the melting point of pure naphthalene was between 86°C -89°C range, whereas for pure salicylic acid was 167°C -170°C. Both determined melting points were higher compared to the literature value of 80.26°C and 158.6°C for pure naphthalene and salicylic acid respectively. Lastly, the percent recovery for pure naphthalene and salicylic acid were 17.7% and 71.2% accordingly.

One of the most popular filler used in dermal fillers is hyaluronic acid. It is a polysaccharide found in mammals' dermis. Its results are longer lasting than bovine collagen. In many places, hyaluronic filler is highly considered compared to others. It's mainly used for filling of scars and wrinkles as well as for lip augmentation. Hyaluronic acid in diverse concentrations is used for various treatments.

This report presents the synthesis of Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), as the product of the reaction of salicylic acid with ethanoic anhydride under acidic conditions. Aspirin was purified through recrystallisation by vacuum filtration, followed by desiccation of the Aspirin crystal over silica gel. The percentage yield was calculated as 44.89% and a sample of Aspirin was analysed using infra-red spectroscopy and compared to the spectrum of pure Aspirin, this served as an introduction to the identification of functional groups in organic compounds. The melting point was calculated using an IA9000M apparatus and recorded to be 35.2°C, which was slightly below the melting point of pure Aspirin; known to be between 138-140°C. Both IR spectroscopy and melting point measurement were used verify the purity of synthetic Aspirin made, which proved to be fairly pure under these laboratory conditions.