The Utilisation Of Supplementary Cementitious Materials Results

He said he never had the rings resized by a jeweler or left the two engagements to get resized or cleaned. Whieldon stated the Puerto Rican women that he planned to marry never lived at his apartment or elsewhere as he did not want to surrender any contact information about the identity of this particular women.

First, concrete durable. Concrete is something that will outlive other products up to three times over (“What Makes…”). In addition to durability, concrete is efficient. Concrete can be made with byproducts from power plants, and other aspects of manufacturing. Concrete is primarily made up limestone, the most abundant material on Earth. Above all of this concrete can be recycled. Concrete can be crushed and recycled into another structure or product, reducing the need to mine the limestone for production. Concrete also allows water to pass through which reduces the chance of flash flooding, erosion, and water table depletion as compared to other materials. This is a major check in the sustainability of concrete; the conservation of soil, landscape and ecosystems. Concrete is a very green option when it comes to building

Concrete is a tough and reliable material, and it can be used for a wide range of projects. Eventually though, a structure made from this versatile material will need to be replaced. At the very least, it may require repairs.

Glass ionomer cement[GIC], invented by Wilson and Kent, has been used as a dental restorative material for more than four decades and its properties are constantly improved to overcome its shortcomings. The unique properties of GIC include direct adhesion to tooth and base metals [1], anticariogenic properties [2], thermal compatibility with tooth enamel and dentin, minimized microleakage at the tooth–enamel interface, biological compatibility, and minimal cytotoxicity. The disadvantages of GIC such as Brittleness, low tensile and flexural strengths has limited its use to low stress-bearing sites such as Class III and Class V cavities [3]. Various studies have been done to improve the properties of GIC by incorporation of materials such as bioglass, CPP-ACP etc. In our study we have incorporated chitosan to enhance the properties of GIC.

From the ancient time marble is one of the most important materials used especially for decorative purposes. However its powder has bad effects on the environment, soil, water and health problems. Marble powder is produced from processing plants sawing and polishing of marble blocks. Some factories have water recycling plants containing flocculation tank and filter press unit. About 25% of the processed marble is turn into dust or powder form. About 7,000,000 tons of marble have been produced in the world. Disposal of the marble powder material of the marble industry is one of the environmental problems worldwide today. The refining of some fresh and hardened properties of concrete is successfully and economically achieved by utilizing and

The skills and competencies of Dangote Cement are well tailored to affirm it strategic position and according to Pitt and Koufopoulos (2012), they argued that it is vital for businesses to conduct a periodic analysis of their internal and external business environment in order to identify the threats that it may encounter and to identify opportunities so that resources would be deployed effectively. Also, Hart (1992) posit that every organisation must have an array of resources and competencies for the creation of a competitive edge and Dangote Cement boast of having in its portfolio a wide array of both human and capital resources in addition to competencies which is evident in the type of products

The definition of high strength changes over the years as concrete strength used in the field increases. Any construction activity requires several materials such as concrete, steel, brick, stone, glass, clay, mud, wood, and so on. However, the cement concrete remains the main construction material used in construction industries. For its suitability and adaptability with respect to the changing environment, the concrete must be such that it can conserve resources, protect the environment, economize and lead to proper utilization of energy. To achieve this, major emphasis must be laid on the use of wastes and byproducts in cement and concrete used for new constructions. The utilization of recycled aggregate

Various cementitious composites are extensively used in construction industry. Their properties vary in a large scale and incorporation of desirable properties in cementitious composites has been an active area of interest for research. Such a study not only helps to attain higher efficient materials but also helps to improve upon already existing ones. Identifying and modeling the atomistic structure and simulating the material response are hence relevant and futuristic. There exist various methods for simulating materials and minerals, mainly homogeneous metal like materials, at nano-micro level and thus studying their engineering properties. In the nano level, atomistic properties are simulated by methods such as Monte Carlo Simulation and Molecular Dynamics using empirical inter atomic potential and ab initio quantum mechanical methods. These properties can then be extended to micro level. The results of such simulations have become as valid as theoretical

When Portland cement clinker is blended with the pozzolanic materials and the result is PPC.

A preliminary investigation of strength and durability properties of a low-cost concrete-like system made of pH-adjusted fluorogypsum (FG), class C fly ash (FA), and type II Portland cement (PC). A series of compressive strength tests and volumetric expansion measurements were conducted on specimens after 28 days of curing. The experimental results were used to develop response surface models (RSMs). These RSMs can be used to predict accurately compressive strength and volumetric expansion as functions of the relative content, in dry weight, of different components. The RSMs

Recently, the use of nanomaterials is increasing day by day in the various fields such as biomedicine, automobile, electronics, robotics, construction industry etc. This is mainly because of unique mechanical, chemical, electronic and optical properties of nanomaterials. Particularly, construction industry may possibly be one of the chief beneficiaries of these materials, because the properties of concrete, steel, glass and other building materials will improve with the applications of nanomaterials. Therefore, the potential use of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, Cu nanoparticles, Ag nanoparticles, TiO2, SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, and Fe2O3 nano-oxides for enhancing the mechanical strengths and durability of concrete have been explored in the current study. It has been observed that the addition of nanomaterials would improve the corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength etc. of cementitious composites. However, the exact mechanism responsible for improvement in the characteristics of nano based cementitious materials is not clear so far. Thus, more researches and investigations are required in order to use the nanomaterials in civil engineering and construction sector effectively.

There has been increasing studies on magnesium silicate hydrate binder system as an eco-cement and its potential use for nuclear waste immobilization. The cementing properties and workability of cement paste and mortar using magnesium silicate hydrate binder were examined by compressive strength, flow test and scanning electron microscopy. The binder composition was proposed based on stoichiometric ratio. The results showed that magnesium silicate hydrate binder exhibits very high water demand due to containing high microfine content of amorphous silica (silica fume). However, it is possible to produce workable mixes at normal water to binder ratio (w/cm=0.40 and below) by use of polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer. Crushed quartz with smooth texture and particle size coarser than magnesium and silica fume was used as fillers to form ternary system. Use of crushed quartz fillers contributes to water reduction and improves packing density, hence increases strength of magnesium silicate hydrate binder system. Mortar samples of the binder containing 40% magnesium oxide, 40% silica fume (Mg/Si molar ratio = 1.50) and 20% crushed quartz fillers resulted in encouraging compressive strength of up to 70 MPa.

Various researches have been done to explore the benefits of using crusher stone dust in concrete unit to enhancing the properties of concrete like compressive strength, flexural strength, etc replacing cement / fine aggregate by weight or by volume. In the previous investigation, researchers used fiber like polypropylene, nylon polyester, coconut coir, glass fiber, steel fiber etc. for the enhancement of mechanical properties and partial or full replacement of ingredient of concrete by fly ash, stone dust, and unconventional coarse aggregate in paver block. A brief description of previous research work on utilisation of alternative of fine aggregate and fiber used in concrete paver block is given below.

Pakistan’s cement industry is used to produce concrete, the most desirable construction material. It is used in the construction of roads, railways, bridges, houses, buildings etc.

Lucky Cement Limited (LCL) started its operation in 1996 in Pezu plant, Pakistan and currently are the largest producer and exporter of cement in Pakistan with the capability of producing around 25,000 tons per day of dry process cement (Lucky Cement Limited, 2011). Since, inception they have been constantly been growing and now have two operational (Pezu and Karachi) plants in the country. Maintaining the distinction of being customer-centric, LCL produces Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Sulphate Resistant Cement, Block Cement and Clinker for corporate clients and individual customers. Although cement industry in Pakistan has shown growth of 2.5%, however LCL grew by 9.2% in 2013-2014 (Lucky Cement Annual Report, 2014). This briefing paper is focused on Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) which is cement offered by LCL. For the information purposes, I have been associated with LCL for the last few years, most information which is shared in this paper is the result of personal experience, discussion with management, understanding of product and industry.