The Utilization Purpose Of Lightweight Concrete

Lightweight construction has been used in building construction for more than thirty-five years. Fire fighters have been dealing with the dangers of this type of construction since it was developed. Lightweight construction is generally considered to be either wood frame or steel building materials, where the roof and/or floor supporting systems are constructed of lightweight prefabricated materials. The main problem with lightweight construction is the decreased load carrying capability and stability of the manufactured members under fire conditions.

Concrete is the ultimate building block of society; there are a plethora of ways that it has been used. Romans were some of the first, in recorded history, to use it; they used it to build their aqueducts and even the Colosseum. If anything, the Romans were some of the first to make huge developments in concrete, and they were some of the first to actually use concrete on a large scale. America has also used concrete on a large scale, using concrete to build the Hoover Dam and the Grand Coulee Dam. Those examples show how concrete is an incredibly strong and durable building material that has remained standing after all these years and will continue to be the primary

In order to discuss concrete; one must first mention cement. Cement is a water-based binder used to bind other building materials together. It is used in the production of mortar and concrete during the construction process. Concrete is a material used in construction, made by mixing aggregate, cement, small stones and water. Cement is important because it hold structures together. Many sources states concrete was invented 1756 by a British Engineer named John Smeaton. He did so by mixing pebbles as a coarse aggregate into a powdered brick into the cement. Years layer in 1824, a English inventor named Mr Joseph Aspdin created the first true artificial cement by burning ground limestone and clay together. He is also noted for creating today’s popular concrete; Portland cement. Many buildings use concrete because of its strong element. It solidifies then hardens after mixing with water and placement due to the chemical process known as hydration. Water reacts with the cement, which bonds the other components together, eventually creating a stone-like material. Concrete is used to make pavements, pipe, various structures, foundations, roads, bridges, brick walls and so on. It is either produced site-cast or pre-cast. Site-cast Concrete is standard concrete that is poured into site-specific forms and cured on site; the concrete is created on the actually construction site. Precast concrete is a construction

Aggregate is one of the basic constituents of concrete. Its quality is of considerable importance because about three-quarter of the volume of concrete is occupied by aggregates. One of the physical properties of aggregate that influence the property of concrete is the grading of aggregate. The grading of aggregate defines the proportions of particles of different size in the aggregate. The grading of fine (size < 5 mm) and coarse (size > 5 mm) aggregates are generally required to be within the limits specified in BS 882: 1992.

Despite its exceptional material properties, UHPC’s initial construction cost is significantly higher than that of normal strength concrete (NSC), which limited its use in North America and elsewhere. To address some of the challenges facing bridge owners, the structural efficiency and cost-effectiveness of using UHPC in composite construction is investigated in this paper. Therefore, combining NSC with UHPFRC in a composite

H. Okamura and M. Ouchi, “Self–Compacting Concrete: Development, present use and future,” Proceedings of the 1st RILEM Symposium on Self-Compacting Concrete, A.Skarendahl and O. Petersson, Ed., 1999.

ABSTRACT Self compacting concrete with suitable chemical admixtures like Super Plasticizer and viscosity modifying agent can be cured, alternatively by addition of an internal curing agent instead of using large quantities of water. Steel fibers on the other hand have been used in cement and concrete composites for more than four decades, most of the steel fibers were introduced in the market prior to 1980. This is in sharp contrast to the continuous progress and development in the cement matrix itself. The proposed aim of the experiment is to examine the behavior of self compacting self-cured concrete by changing the steel fiber content. The mix incorporated 40 % replacement of cement with fly ash. The compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete were compared with conventional concrete by adding 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% of steel fibers and a notable accession of 79% in flexural strength was observed without compromising with the compressive strength.

Structures and structural elements made of concrete must therefore also be able to withstand chemically attacking substances, which are constantly acting on them because this affects the concrete strength.

This experiment was therefore aimed at determining the ultimate compressive strength of different concrete samples after 14 days. Additionally, other properties of the concrete such as modulus of elasticity and Poisson ratio were also determined.

The strength of concrete used in the design is 40 MPa for Piles, and 60 MPa for Pile Caps, Columns, Towers, and Girders. In addition, Micro silica is added to increase concrete strength as well as providing sulfate resistance by decreasing average size of pores in the cement paste.

By the use of silica fume it’s improve the properties of fresh and hardened concrete.

Concrete as is well known is a heterogeneous mix of cement, water and aggregates. The admixtures may be added in concrete in order to enhance some of the properties desired specially. In its simplest form, concrete is a mixture of paste and aggregates. Various materials are added such as fly ash, rice husk, and admixture to obtain concrete of desired property. The character of the concrete is determined by quality of the paste. The key to achieving a strong, durable concrete rests in the careful proportioning, mixing and compacting of the ingredients.

There are various kinds of cements present in the market basing on different need and nature of construction. One of the most famous type in this regard is “Portland” cement. It is generally described as the most commonly and frequently used type of cement around the globe. It is also considered as main component of “concrete”, “mortar”, “stucco”, and “most non-specialty grout”. Portland cement was manufactured in “England in the mid-19th century”. It is commonly made from “limestone”.

** Asst .Prof ., Department of Civil Engineering, RKDF Institute of Science & Technology , Bhopal

has high density; and this increases density of concrete as well as dead load of