Veertebral Essay

|Second rib: bilateral, at the second costochondral junctions, just lateral to the junctions on the upper surfaces. |

The structure that furnishes the axis for the rotation of the head from side to side is the:

Your vertebrae are individual little bones that make up the spinal column, these are connected together by joints which are supported by ligaments that are connected to the bone.

The back is made up of the spine or vertebral column which is formed from a number of different groups of bones. It protects the spinal cord and allows flexibility of the upper body. The bones are held together by ligaments and small muscles which stretch from one bone to the next to give protection and keep the joint aligned. Between each bone and the next is a disc which is a shock absorber. Each disc consists of a soft semi fluid centre part, the nucleus, which is surrounded by a tough and fibrous outer coating, the

Some examples include the following: clavicle, coccyx, femur, fibula, foramen magnum, mandible, maxilla, metatarsals, ossify, phalanges, radius, scapula, sternum, suture, tibia, ulna, and vertebra. All of these terms are associated with the skeletal system. The mandible, maxilla, and foramen magnum are located in the cervical vertebrae. The clavicle, scapula, and sternum are located in the thoracic vertebrae. The lumbar vertebra contains the humerus, ulna, and radius. The coccyx is located in the sacral vertebrae. The femur, fibula, metatarsals, phalanges, and tibia are located in the appendicular skeleton. The sutures are located in the skull. The vertebrae is the backbone of the body. Ossification is the formation of bone. These terms are important in knowing and learning the skeletal system.

This can be due to several causes such as fatigue, overuse, or improper muscle use. Muscle strains usually occur in the back in the lower back, neck, or shoulder (Healthline, 2015). The mid back, or thoracic back, is both a unique and complex anatomical structure. The complexity that makes the back so unique also predisposes the back to injury. Twelve vertebral bones comprise the thoracic spinal column, the ribs, muscles, tendons, nerves, discs, and blood vessels according to Martini (Martini et al, 2014). These tissues function to give support to the upper body while aiding in the movement of the upper body and arms. Vertebrae T1-T10 articulate with each rib in two locations, and restricts mobility of this area of the spine (Martini et al,

      The radiographer’s job is to deliverer quality X-rays that have been ordered by the medical staff. Basic radiographs required to exclude a cervical spine fracture include lateral view, anterioposterior view, and an open-mouth odontoid view. The lateral view must include all seven cervical vertebrae as well as the joint space between C7-T1. If this is not possible because of patient size or condition then a swimmers view will be needed. The anterioposterior view should show all cervical vertebrae, while the dens and joint space should be visible on the odontoid view. These exams need to be completed in a timely matter while continuing to maintain cervical immobilization. The importance of obtaining quality X-rays cannot be overemphasized as the most frequent cause of missed cervical fractures is the result of inadequate films.

CT scan of the cervical spine dated 01/07/14 revealed posterior fusion from C5 through C7. There is minimal anterior subluxation of C6 on C7.

The axial skeleton is part of the skeleton that has bones from the head and the trunk which are found in the vertebrate, it forms the main axis or core of your skeletal system. It has 80 bones and is split into eight parts; the skull bones, the ossicles of the middle ear, the hyoid bone, the rib cage, sternum and the vertebral column. Ity kepps the heart and the lungs safe from any damge that the body might experience. It is also the portion of

Dr. Abiera had reviewed a September 3, 2010 MRI of the cervical spine that revealed central protrusion/herniation at C3/C4, left paracentral protrusion/herniation at C7/T1, Disc bulges C4/C5, C5/C6 and C6/C7, left paracentral extrusion/herniation at T3/T4 and straightening of cervical lordosis. In addition, Dr. Abiera noted an August 11, 2010 x-ray of the cervical spine which revealed blastic lesions, incidental Clay Shovelers Fractures of C7 and an August 11, 2110 x-ray of the thoracic spine which was

1. An x-ray examination of the thoracic spine reveals osteopenic changes at T7. What does this mean?

MRI of the cervical spine dated 03/09/2016 reveals a multilevel cervical spine degenerative disc changes, most pronounced at C4 to C5, C4 to C5 diffuse disc bulge with central protrusion causing moderate spinal canal narrowing, increased fluid weighted signal in the paravertebral soft tissues posterior to the left C3 to C4 lamina and minimally increased fluid weighed signal in the left C3 to C4 lamina and the right facet joint, C4 to C5 right facet joint bone spur.

The vertebral column consists of 4 different curves, what are they? The 4 different curves are the sacral and thoracic curves are present at birth. The cervical curve develops when an infant holds there head erect. The lumbar curve develops as the infant begins to stand and to learn how to walk.

The intervertebral discs of the spine are made of cartilaginous vertebral endplates, annulus fibrosus, and nucleus pulposus (Lotz, Hsieh, Walsh, Palmer, & Chin, 2002). Vertebral endplates are the top and bottom portions of the vertebral bodies that border with the vertebral discs. The annulus fibrosus made up of ligament fibers and forms the tough outer portion of the intervertebral disc. The annulus fibrosus securely joins the spinal vertebrae above and below the disc and surrounds the nucleus pulposus, which

The basic structure of the spine can be broken into three basic regions, the cervical-our neck, the thoracic-our mid-back, and the lumbar-our lower back. The shape of our spine comes from four distinct curves,