Over time, the view of best practice for educating and caring for people with disability has changed to one of inclusion in all aspects of life in society. In Australia, there was some resistance initially, fear and misunderstanding guided the decision making processes which meant those with disability were kept apart longer than in some other countries (Heward, 2009). Gradually, legislative changes, influenced by medical knowledge and researched based practice meant that people were no longer allowed to be separated by social barriers and were granted legal rights to guard against all forms of discrimination (Dempsey, 2008). In 2014, the expectation is that people with disability are included in all aspects of education with the same …show more content…
For students with disability, this means services and specialists will need to be accessible therefore, Governments and schools are challenged to meet their responsibilities for all students, through the provision of sufficient funding support (Australian Government: Department of Education, 2010). Special education (SE), according to McCarthy, Dyer and Hunter (2002) differs from the education which is provided to all students enrolled in Australian schools. They state, the main principles of inclusive education are that barriers to inclusion and marginalisation are removed or reduced and that the key ideas of SE focus on in-class support and whole school practice. Despite there being no unified definition of what inclusion looks like, the Federal government, via the State governments requires all students have access to a minimum standard of education, outlined in the Australian curriculum documents. (Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority, 2014). However, some children cannot access the curriculum, therefore educators must provide access to learning which will support all students in achieving success (Heward, 2009). Just as each person is an individual, it stands that their learning needs are unique, leading to the development and delivery of learning programs and spaces which reach those exceptional students (Brady & Scully, 2005). Within the school environment, there are expectations of quality inclusive
Disability Act (2010) refers to those people whom got a medical condition that requires special attention and extra care and helps us, as teachers to treat them equally and not let them feel excluded, this Act can be linked to A, B and F Domains from LLUK standards. If in my course of work I’ll have to deal with a disabled learner I’ll try to plan the session according www,,, to this and prepare for him appropriate tasks. I’ll try to widen my knowledge about his/her disability to know better his/her needs and what teaching
Schools have legal obligations to give students with a disability opportunities and choices comparable to those without a disability through the Disability Discrimination Act of 1992 and the Disability Standards of Education 2005 (Department of Education and Training, n.d). To meet these standards, schools must be welcoming and reasonably accommodate for new students. We used the three phase inclusion process when Amir transferred to our school at the start of the year. The three flowing phases; preparation, transition and consolidation help all stakeholders inclusively plan for the best possible transition of a new child where their needs are provided for (Lyons, 2014, pg 80). Inclusive schools help support all students, teachers should work closely with the learning support team at their school to help them decide the best resources and strategies to meet students’ needs and promote their wellbeing (Lyons, 2014, pg 83). Amir has consultations with all relevant stakeholders at the start of the term to set learning goals and then at the end of the term to reflect on his achievements and what could be improved on. All teachers need to use their professional judgement and act ethically as their work significantly impacts the future of the learners in their class (Churchill, & Keddie, 2013, pg 539). Amir’s school promotes diversity and is strongly against bullying. At the start of each year we
In ‘Promoting Inclusive Practice’ (Florian, 1998) there was a suggestion that teachers need knowledge about children’s learning difficulties and need to be skilled in using specific teaching strategies. Practice and provision needs to be developed and adapted: a new school ethos and commitment to inclusion, an effective learning environment, effective communication, teacher knowledge and modification and personalised curriculum. Lipsky and Gartner’s (1998) inclusion model emphasises visionary leadership, effective parental involvement, staff and pupil support, a flexible curriculum and effective instructional practices. The Office for Standards in Education (OFSTED, 2006) examined the factors that promote good outcomes. It found effective provision was equal between mainstream and special schools when particular elements in place. However, more good or outstanding provision existed in well-resourced mainstream
Education – People with disabilities should not be excluded from the general education system on the basis on disability.
Special Education Inclusion addresses the controversy of inclusion in education. It argues that inclusions controversy stems from its relation to educational and social values in addition to individual worth. Stout states the important questions that should always be asked when discussing inclusion. She gives us some arguments from advocates on both sides of the issue and everyone in between. She recognizes that inclusion has no simple answers. She merely intends to overview the concepts of inclusion and offers some recommendations to ensure the needs of all students are met. Her overview begins with definitions of common vocabulary, discusses laws governing inclusion, court decisions that have governed placement under IDEA
As Robert Frost once stated, “I am not a teacher, but an awakener” (Quotes about Education, 2017). Teachers are given the extraordinary task to awaken the minds of all learners. Every student deserves the opportunity to achieve educational success. In order to be given the opportunity for educational attainment an inclusive environment is needed for a student with special needs. General and special education teachers must acquire specific skills to achieve an effective inclusion environment. The ability to communicate for collaborations, understanding the needs of students and implementing learning strategies are critical skills educators must possess in an inclusive environment.
The principles of inclusion and their implications on school practice have been fiercely debated by leading educational experts for many years. In 1994, delegates from 92 governments met at the world conference on special needs education, to consider policy changes that would enable educators to provide inclusive education for all. The result of this conference was the adoption of ‘The Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action’ which provides recommendations and stipulations for the ‘planning and implementation’ of inclusive
There is, to some extent, a paradox. Students with special needs must be treated as individuals so their specific challenges can be addressed, and yet they must also be considered part of the mainstream to have access to that which is afforded the majority of students. Satisfying the mandates on both sides of the paradox requires sensitivity, skill, and understanding of laws, policies, and the rights of the individuals involved.
Over the years, Australian education and its school system has been reformed to become more inclusive in order to accommodate all children of all backgrounds and abilities (Slee, 2006). According to Pearce, Gray and Campbell-Evans (2009) the broadest definition of inclusion can be explained as an acknowledgement, acceptance and respect of all people, regardless of culture, language, beliefs, socio-economic background, and a plethora of other influences in life. Within a school context, an inclusive school must accommodate all children, whether they are physically or intellectually impaired, gifted, or come from a marginalised ethnic or cultural minority (UNESCO, 1994).
The text states, “…an inclusive education is important for all students because everyone has difficulty fitting in at time and needs support (McLesky et al, p. 4).” Special education students are not the only students to benefit from this. All students are given equal opportunities to find their place within the classroom. Many of the same things we view as the pros of inclusion are viewed as cons. Our book states that there has been too much emphasis on providing students with disabilities access to general education classrooms so that they can receive the social benefits and too little emphasis on improving student academic successes (McLesky et al,
The Special Education 2000 programme was introduced by the New Zealand Ministry of Education 1996. By introducing such a programme the government intended to develop a world class inclusive education system. The model and aim at that stage was to reform the education system where children with disabilities could be integrated into the mainstream education system. This would enable children with disabilities to attend their local community schools where having the same opportunities as their siblings and friends from their community. In 1996 Lipsky & Gartner described inclusive education as “students with disabilities having full membership in age-appropriate classes in their neighbourhood schools, with appropriate supplementary aids and support services”. In more recent years it has become evident that inclusive education should include the participation of all students in schooling. The system had to be restructured so that the culture, policies and practices in schools can cater to the diverse needs of all children within the community that the school is located in. Inclusive schools are based on the belief that all children can learn. They should also respect that children are different and all differences need to acknowledged and catered to. Policies, systems and the structures within schools should be enhanced to meet the needs of all children.
This report will aim to discuss the inclusion for special educational needs (SEN) students as well as those students with autistic spectrum condition (ASC). This report will discuss inclusive education and its history, as well as the social, political and philosophical arguments that impact upon it. The report will look at how educational practice is shaped by legislative and regulatory frameworks; it will also show how our own practice provides support for all children to achieve within mainstream education.
Disabled students in the United States have a better and more different educational life than students in the country where I come from. Students with disabilities in the United States have been empowered in such a way that they have procured suitable dealings from both the state and federal governments. We are likely to find such students with documented hearing, visual, and physical impairments studying and socializing naturally with students without disabilities. In fact, we cannot tell the difference between the two groups of students regarding education. The schools which the students attend have partnered with both the state and federal governments to provide any possibilities they require as well as teaching and assisting them to pass through education system naturally similar to students without disabilities (Turnbull et al., 2013).
Under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities, there is a clear obligation for governments to provide education to children with disabilities on an equal basis with other children and to provide that education within an inclusive system. Article 8 requires all schools to "foster at all levels of the education system, including in all children from an early age, an attitude of respect for the rights of persons with disabilities" (United Nations, 2006).
Through advocacy, the role of education in the lives of persons with disabilities has been high on the agenda over past years. Education can be considered as far reaching, for this reason many countries capitalize on education to improve its human resources, creating opportunities for elevation and sustainability. Thus, the education of children with disabilities has been a focal point of much discussion when considering ways of assisting these persons with overcoming a number of obstacles that they face. Students with exceptionalities are believed to have the potential to become relatively independent young men and women, with the ability to attain full community presence (Smith, 2010). The focus placed on this group of students has therefore become necessary, since children with disabilities are more likely to become lost in vigorous education systems. This continues to demand high performance with the frequent use of strategies such as drill and practice and high stakes testing (Education Resources Institute, 2007). These students are often at risk of being neglected by teachers who possibly become overburdened by the education system (Haury, 2001).