Samuel Huntington famously stated that the fiercest clashes have become battles between civilizations, according to him these clashes are neither ideological or economic, but rather cultural. Huntington couldn 't have been more mistaken. In reality, the modern world has become plagued with an increasing presence of intra-state wars as modern conflict has become synonymous with clashes between "individuals, groups, and communities that differ very little". Freud attempted to explain this perplexing occurrence as a "narcissism of minor differences" by stating that group solidarity requires the existence of an 'Other ', a minority, which through its suppression validates the identity of the majority. According to this logic, all communities despite their homogeneity must seek a minority within themselves in order to validate their existence. Bosnia 's cosmopolitanism prior to the Yugoslavian War provides us with a vivid example that this 'narcissism ' is a superficial explanation as to why 'fraternal ' conflict occurs. Prior to the war, Bosnia was not only the most ethnically integrated Yugoslavian republic, it was the poster-child of a multi-ethnic society in which various ethnicities not only coexisted but rather intermingled. This peaceful coexistence was disrupted by Slobodan Milosevic, Serbia 's president, who used Yugoslavia 's economic and political crisis of 1988 in his favour by essentializing the crisis along the lines of ethnic national identity. Through his
As Americans, living in a egotistical and self centered society, we often think that we are the best, the top 1 percent in every aspect. However, When compared to other countries of the world, America is ranked 14th in education, 44th in health care efficiency, and 101th in peace. But it ranks first in incarceration, 2nd in ignorance, and 3rd in global competitiveness. One can see how the rankings that America is top in are those that promote violence in one way or another. In the book Violence and Culture: A Cross-Cultural and Interdisciplinary Approach by Jack David Eller, the author discusses violence in American society in one of his chapters. In this chapter, he mentions some social characteristics that represents and plays a role in
Sectarian violence in the west was influenced by people that believed that there way of living was the only way to live. They shaped some parts of the west by causing problems with other people and religious people by intimidating them to not move there and killing and causing wars like they did with the massacre of bear river. The Mormons believed in one way of life, they tried to control the Native Americans and their rights to try and move and start new from where they once was. The Native Americans were treated poorly due to the fact they were different from others. They lived a different lifestyle and believed in a different type of religion from everyone else. Because they were different and was wanting to move away from Missouri to
A social movement is a group of individuals that focus on political or social issues. Though this explanation appears pertinent, movements are rarely that simple. In the case of racial militancy, a social movement is characterized by the need for justice, preserving the community and the emergence of the New Negro. What distinguishes racial militancy from other groups is the inclination to question society and combat relentlessly for their objectives. Frequently this movement employed empowerment, unity, and a new identity to define their movement.
With the many conversations about the African-American communities and their issues with gang violence, government assistance, and the lack of jobs in their communities it is clear to say that the American Dream or even a moderate lifestyle was not created for all African Americans and Minorities and since we found a way to be noticed, heard, and felt like they’re rightfully a part of something America wants to now label it “war or Drugs” and “gang Violence” thus creating Gang Injunctions in those predominantly of color communities. Now I am not stating that the violence is not present, innocent lives are not being taken, nor are drugs consuming our communities, but what I am saying is that they act as if there is no other approach that could help clean up the streets, provide piece and harmony among all communities, and solve issues for the betterment of the community. Instead they are removing them from their communities, threatening them from going to their neighborhood, and as a consequence they get jail time, an institution that already houses half if not more than half of our black men. The gang injunction initiative is set up to tear apart the minority communities through driving up the prices and making them move, especially if they have a family member who is under the injunction’s rules. Its ironic how they put them in such enclosed space, while they make suburban home for the economically fit causing them to commute and now they are systematically removing them
Huntington’s initial article argued that in the post-Cold War era the fundamental source of conflict would not be ideological or economic, but cultural. He continues by arguing that nation states will continue to be the most powerful actors in global affairs, but the conflicts of global politics that are to occur in the future will happen between
This article goes through the disparities in races in comparison to violence. Statistically blacks are six times more likely to die by homicide than white people are (Robert J. Sampson, 2004). That is a significant gap between the two races. The rates of Latino’s have slowly been converging with the whites in more recent years. There are other studies that are based on police statistics that show disadvantaged communities have the highest violent crime rates.
The history of the United States has been characterized by brutality of violence based on race. Many historians have neglected most of the episodes of this important national history as it helps people to learn where they have come from and where they are headed to. Race riots are characterized by violence between two or more racial groups and the end result in most cases is death. For a protest to be called a riot, there must be a group of people with a common agenda and may occur between police and the public or between two or more racial groups.
Almeida et al. (2010) found significant support for the claim that recent first-generation immigrants are not violent, but that, over time, there is some process of acculturation whereby immigrants eventually reach the violence levels of those who have been in the United States for longer periods of time. This finding suggests that it would be pointless for criminal justice policy to act upon the idea of the violent recent immigrant, as such an idea is a myth. Rather, criminal justice policy should focus on the identification of reasons why recent immigrants become more violent over time. If such reasons are identified, then policy steps can be taken to disrupt the process of acculturation to violence.
Theoretically significant to conflict is social identity theory. It allows “predictions to incorporate who is likely to perceive and act in group terms, to remain committed to the group in times of crisis” Turner (1999), Doosje & Ellemers, (1999). Bar-Tal stresses conflict exists when an incompatible goal exists between two groups. The question of when incompatibility sets become important in understanding the cause of inter-ethnic or communal conflicts for instance, even more importantly; conflict within ingroup. Inter-ethnic or communal conflict because within the scope of peacebuilding, that is the point where building peace thrives the most. There is an assumption that for peacebuilding to be
The literature entitled “the narcissism of minor difference” gives an in depth analysis into ethnic nationalism along with many sufficient examples to back up it's position on the argument that ethnic nationalism is not a natural occurrence but rather a societal construct. It provides insight into ethnic nationalisms roots, effects, presence on modern day life and how it has shaped societal interaction for many years. My personal stance on the Ignatieff's analysis of ethnic nationalism is generally of agreement. The idea that the overwhelming pride and exclusivity included in the worldwide demonstration that is ethnic nationalism is socially constructed has more solid evidence to support
As a result of this work, we hope to learn more about how men in the Pan-Asian community can be active participants and change agents in the campaign to end child sexual abuse on a local and national level. Through this work, we hope to begin a cultural shift in local Asian communities where gender equality and democracy is normative in order to combat all forms of violence, specifically in regards to child sexual abuse. Additionally, we hope to join forces with other men’s groups working to divest from inter-generational transfer of violence and cultures of patriarchy upheld by both men and women, to invest in acknowledging the violence in boys and men’s’ lives while providing spaces to explore the impact it has on men, and to invest in
In the example of Yugoslavia there really isn’t one specific ethnicity because there had been centuries of inter-marriage making it impossible to have an ethnically pure civilization. This is one aspect where Huntington gets closer to the truth when he write “People can and do redefine their identities and, as a result, the composition and boundaries of civilizations change,” like when Yugoslavia broke up all of sudden citizens were no longer Yugoslavs and were instead, Bosnians or Serbs examples of how new boarders changing everything . Huntington explains this best, “Civilizations are dynamics; they rise and fall; they divide and merge,” talking all about how the past of civilizations can be dragged up and used to fuel the splits and modeling of new civilizations and nation states . Power’s uses this to show how nationalism fueled by ethnic purity can cause a need for actually military presences and not international aid/presence is given, where orders can prevent them from being useful.
Samuel Huntington has made famous his thesis "the clash of civilizations", which was developed in his article in Foreign Affairs in 1993 and in the book that followed, in which the author expanded his thesis and reaffirmed the validity of his theory after the success and controversy that followed the publication of his article. In fact, the “civilizational” approach of conflicts today is now intrinsically linked to a comprehensive theory of international relations, which Samuel Huntington has developed by giving it an important value and a dominant paradigm
Leonard Binder states, "Most observers see little good coming out of an ethnic narcissism that conduces to the demonization of the other." (p. 6) These conflicts often escalate to the point where the original crisis fades into the background, and the participants lose sight of it altogether. Each group believes that when one gains, the other loses automatically. Similarly, when one group compromises, it is also a loss. This is particularly difficult when religion is involved because groups will not compromise their beliefs and ethnic loyalties are very strong. Additionally, nation-states include ethnic strategies into their government, foreign policy, and politics in general. (Binder 8)
In The Clash of civilizations Huntington argued that the future conflict would be different in the Post-Cold war era. In which different ideologies would not be the main reason for world problem but instead it would be because of the differences between cultures. The division of power would be placed in the civilizations that have the similar cultural norms. Huntington states that the “most dangerous enmities occur across fault lines between major civilizations” (20). This argued that foreign affairs cannot be peaceful or accommodating rather that these affairs go onto the basis of the influence of power based on different civilizations societal norms. The major societies that Huntington included were the western, Sinic, Islamic and Orthodox civilizations. The “ fault lines” between these societies