The Visualization Of The Small Bowel

endoscopic surgery were discussed with the owner. Due to the lack of equipment and skill in endoscopy

The American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines recommend colonoscopy,as the preferred cancer screening test for patients 50 years and older(Rex 2017). The technique of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) was developed for removingsessile or flat lesions confined to the superficial layers (mucosa and submucosa) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the colon, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. EMR with submucosal injection helps facilitate complete resection of polyps (Hwang 2015; Fyock 2010; Steele 2013), which is critical, as incomplete resections may contribute to the development of colon cancer in patients despite being on a colonoscopy screening/surveillance pathway (i.e. interval cancers). (von Renteln 2017; Bujanda 2010;

Due to the patient’s pain and lack of adequate nutrition, her gastronomy tube was scheduled to be exchanged with a gastronomy Jejunostomy tube. This procedure is completed under fluoroscopy using a sterile field. In addition to the sterile tray and equipment, other materials used were: x-ray tube, Bucky, x-ray table, digital cassette, lead markers, lead shielding, patient chart, fluoroscopy tube, fluoroscopy monitors,

The surgeon follows the same procedure as for the laparoscopic surgery, but there is only one large incision made in the lower stomach

Patients with other abdominal anomalies may have an increased risk for intestinal atresia. For example, children with gastroschisis may also have intestinal atresia, and they should be examined for it (Bauman & Nanagas, 2015). The authors described a case of a neonatal child who was immediately diagnosed and treated for gastroschisis. However, the patient never had a bowel movement after surgical correction. By the fourth week without a bowel movement, an exploratory laparotomy was performed, and the child was diagnosed with intestinal atresia. Unfortunately, about 8 centimeters of small bowel was resected due to ill-appearance, but bowel to bowel anastomosis was performed. Interestingly, the patient still did not have a bowel movement, and

Next, the omentum and transverse colon are “retracted cranially” which will expose the ligament of Treitz and the small bowel and mesentery are then stapled and divided at the jejunum of the stomach (Ayloo, 2014). The Roux limb of 150 cm is then bypassed into the stomach. Next, the jejunojejunal anastomosis is completed with the common enterotomy being hand-sewn in a bilayer method (Ayloo, 2014). After this, the mesenteric defect is closed to prevent the formation of internal hernias and the Roux limb is brought out “anticolic and antigastric” (Ayloo, 2014). Next the gastrojejunal anastomosis located between the pouch and the Roux limb is performed in a double-layered method. Gastrotomy and Enterotomy are performed once again. Then, the orogastric tube is placed through the anastomosis and the anterior layer is closed in a double-layered method by suture. The anastomosis is then tested for any air leakage by submerging it with fluid by irrigation and “inflating the orogastric tube with

All ERCP procedures were performed by experienced endoscopists using the standard duodenoscope (ED-3440T and ED-3485T, Pentax) in the

A recent meta-analysis (Zhu, 2016) showed that SICUS had a sensitivity and aspecificity of 88% and 86%, respectively, for assessment of CD. the authors defined it as a reliable method in ascertaining the small bowel disease. In addition, they affirmed that in the evaluation of the surgical patient the negative SICUS excludes a recurrence. According to that statement, in our series all anastomotic recurrence was correctly identified.

However, both conditions—Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease can be diagnosed by performing the following: health history, physical and mental assessment in combination with several diagnostic investigations. Throughout these assessments, gathered is patient clinical history such as lifestyle, prescription drugs, recreational drugs, diet, smoking status, bowel movements, and appearance of the faeces, family history, vomiting; and nausea. Diagnostic procedures and test are: endoscopy, colonoscopy, barium enema, CT scan, MRI. In addition, biochemistry tests are performed such as: faecal sample examination, full blood count, iron studies, inflammatory markers and special antibodies test. Computer tomography in procedure used to diagnose diverticulitis, during an acute episode, barium enema, endoscopy or colonoscopy to diagnose diverticulosis. (Digestive Health Foundation, 2013).

In this case study Mr Knight, a 55 year old man is presenting to the operating room to undergo an exploratory laparoscopy for a suspected bowel obstruction, with his history of body mass index (BMI) of >35, Type 2 diabetes

Cao F, Li J, Li F. Mechanical bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2012;27(6):803-810.

This result in more pain to the patient, longer recovery time, and complications due to surgical trauma. The accelerating trend is toward minimally invasive surgery (MIS), in which unnecessary trauma is limited by reducing the size of incisions to less than about 1 cm or using catheters or endoscopes threaded through vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, or other tubular structures.

• Endoscopy. This is a procedure to look into your stomach using a thin, flexible tube that has a tiny camera and light on the end of it.

The large intestine extends from the end of the ileum to the anus. It is about 1.5 meters long. It differs from the small intestine in its greater caliber, its more fixed position, its sacculated form, and in possessing certain appendages to its external coat, the appendices epiploicae. Further, its longitudinal muscular fibers do not form a continuous layer around the gut, but are arranged in three longitudinal bands. The large intestine is divided into the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal (Henry Gray 2004).

Methods This review article explains the fundamental concept of endoscopy, difference between optical & electronic endoscope, comparison rigid endoscope to flexible endoscope. Also, this paper introduces past & present types of endoscopy and present & future types of endoscopy.