The W. P. Swanson Confectionery Era Essay

Jumping back into the past, Gregory Orr tells the incident when he and a group of five hundred of men, women, teenagers, and old folks assemble in Jackson, Mississippi. In Jackson for a peaceful demonstration, Gregory Orr and the rest of the group were arrested and taken away “to the county fairgrounds” (128, 1). Where they was beaten by officers of the law, Orr stated, “I emerged into the outdoors and the bright sunlight and saw them-two lines of about fifteen highway patrolmen on either side. I was ordered to walk, not run, between them. Again I was beaten with nightsticks, but this time more thoroughly, as I was the only target” (129, 2). Once freed from his captors, Gregory Orr gets in his car to head back north, but on his way back he was pulled over by flashing lights. Thinking it was the police; Gregory Orr pulled over and was approached by two white men. One of the white men said, “Get out, you son of a bitch, or I’ll blow your head off” (133, 3). The two white men takes Gregory Orr’s wallet and tell him to follow them, Scared for his life, Gregory Orr did exactly what the two men told him to do. After following the two men, Gregory Orr is back in jail in Hayneville. “Already depressed and disoriented by the ten days in jail in Jackson, I was even more frightened in Hayneville,” (136, 1) stated by Gregory Orr.

While visiting Alto do Cruzeiro in 1965, Hughes noticed women were indifferent concerning the death of their children. Infants born dead or “waiting to die” is a common occurrence in Alto do Cruzeiro. The women of the community became use to experiencing these tragedies and decided it would be easier to cooperate with Gods plan. If an infant is born “waiting to die”, the mother will usually leave the child to die. Having this kind of attitude towards dying infants has a powerful impact on maternal thinking and practice. Already knowing that an infant will not survive makes the women less loving and nurturing. When an infant actually survives, the mother has a difficult time raising the child. Children born in this area “lack traditional breast feeding, subsistence gardens, stable marriages, and multiple adult care-takers that exists in the interior.” Since single parenting is the norm, woman are forced to leave the infant at home, many times by itself. The women cannot carry their child with them at work or by the river. They can not leave their child with the older children because if they are not in school they are working as well. Also, since women earn a dollor and day, they can not afford to hire a baby

A “survivor car” is what the newspapers called it, did not stop such notice; gathering from the darkness a moment of miracle, and then disappear for the next bend. Michaelist wasn’t even sure of the facts – he told the press about the incident. The yellow car the one going toward new york, approximating beyond, hurried back to myrtle’s location, and abruptly change target to the nearest obstacle in the road, colliding in a big speed and intensity, surrounding the road with metallic parts of a wrecked car.

Motherhood was an expected part of the wife’s life. Woman would have a large number of babies right after each other although some babies would not survive. “High mortality rates must have overshadowed the experience of motherhood in ways difficult to

Robin Yates’s paper, “Pregnancy and Childbirth, The 1800’s vs. Now: What to Expect When You’re Not Expecting,” was filled with many clear points on the advancement of labor and medicine since the 1800s. This essay was filled with interesting and grabbing facts; however, the structure of the essay needs more support.

In the early 19th century, women were oppressed, and marriage was a social status, not a choice. Mrs. Mallard was a wife during 19th Century and her home was where she would spend most of her days. She also suffers from a heart condition. She learns of the tragic news on the first floor of her two story home. Her sister Josephine was the one to tell her “ in broken sentences, veiled hints that revealed in half concealing.”(287) The news was revealed as delicate as possible, due to Mrs. Mallard's heart condition. Mrs. Mallard heard the news, she wept, a sense of grief comes upon her. Once she removed herself from her sister Josephine's arms, she went off to her room. It reads, “ When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone. No one to follow her”(287). During this time, women were looked down upon if they were not married. Most women were given away by their

Thus, the woman states that the professional who handles childbearing establishes a strong emotional connection with a patient in the initial stages of their acquaintance, which promotes a feeling of security and harmony. The character’s recollections account for a hearty atmosphere that encompassed the room when she was giving birth to her offspring.

When the time arose for the child to be born, middle and upper-class Southern ladies chose not to give birth in hospitals, which were unsanitary charitable institutions, but rather preferred to give birth within their own home, or that of a family member. Often in the case of a first child, a woman would choose to give birth in their parent’s home as it gave them round the clock access to their own mother, who could be a source for psychological advice as well as medical assistance. Southern mothers regarded the care of their pregnant daughters as a part of their sacred maternal duty and many letters survive of daughters asking their mother to be with them as their delivery drew near. One such letter comes from Laura Norwood of North Carolina to her mother; she wrote, “I cannot tell you, my dear mother, what a comfort if would be to me if you could be here at the time of my approaching event.” Likewise, women of lower classes such as slaves and the wives of yeoman farmers often gave birth in their home, with the assistance of family members, if at all possible.

Throughout Sherwin B. Nuland’s book The Doctor’s Plague, Nuland discusses the devastating epidemic of childbed fever. One out of six women to give birth in the First Division at the Krankenhaus hospital in Vienna, Austria was to succumb to this supposed mystery illness. Childbed fever was a harrowing complication not only at the Krankenhaus in Vienna, but all over other parts of Europe as well. Nuland takes us through this occasion and draws his attention to Ignac Semmelweis, an assistant physician at Krankenhaus who unearths the real reason behind the incredibly high mortality rate of expectant new to be mothers. Semmelweis traces the origin of this mysterious illness to the delivering doctors and students of the hospital in the First division

On the other hand, female’s role in society was to be wives. They take care of the children, do housework, or go to work which is limited to unskilled jobs or agriculture labor. Having a lot of children was a terrible panic for women because they had to go through the childbirth without medical access. Especially, women in working class families had to go back to work right after giving birth without taking any medicine because they needed money for the other children. Mothers’ health declined if they kept getting pregnant, so women tried many ways to prevent having children. However, most of the methods were not safe and sometimes dangerous for their body.

Childbirth and Childbearing in Renaissance Italy for upper status woman, was far different than what childbearing is compared to today’s standards. In renaissance Italy it was said that woman only had one purpose and that purpose was to have many legitimate babies, especially for the nobility and upper status couples. From having these babies, the family could inherit a lot of wealth (King, M. L., 2003). This differs greatly in todays society, as now woman’s primary function is not only to produce children. Woman today are seen as equals to men, and have a larger significance than just having their husbands children. Childbearing in the Renaissance was not as easy or as safe as it is today either, as we will further discuss. This paper will explain the role of child birthing and bearing in the Italian Renaissance, everything from mortality rates, to wet nurses and this differs from today’s society.

Instead of driving straight to Tim’s parents’ house, he decided to show us around town first. Even if you removed the parallel, ten foot wall of snow alongside the roadways with small breaks leading to entrances of stores, homes, or other roads, there still wasn’t much to see in this tiny town. I think that was point Tim was trying to make. It is just a small town with little to no action, especially on a Sunday night. Tim and Blackjack start discussing a sound they could hear from the front passenger side wheel. They decided to pull into a car wash bay so they could investigate the cause of the noise. They got out of the vehicle, checked the tire, and then I heard the trunk pop open. The very next moment, there were new strobing lights dancing all along the walls and the closed front bay door. From the back seat, I tried to look out the back window, but my view was blocked by the trunk lid. I heard yelling and as I bent over to grab for my shoes, there was a police officer at the window with a gun instructing me to raise my hands. I immediately complied, dropping my shoes. He told me to exit the vehicle. Let me just say, I was not about to go outside without shoes on, in Maine, in January. I was able to convince the officer to allow me to slowly pick my shoes up and put them on. Normally, putting on your shoes is a quick, everyday task one does

Beginning in the 1900’s, pregnancy and childbirth have become increasingly medicalized (Mullin, 2005). In her book, Reconceiving Pregnancy and Childcare, Amy Mullin states the medicalization of birth

Beginning in the 1900’s, pregnancy and childbirth have become increasingly medicalized (Mullin, 2005). In her book, Reconceiving Pregnancy and Childcare, Amy Mullin states the medicalization of birth

Born into a poor, lower-class family, Milton S. Hershey dropped out of school before reaching the fourth grade. He developed an interest in becoming a confectioner. He believed there would be great demand for affordable, mass-produced chocolate, and thus he built the Hershey Chocolate Company. Hershey’s is now the largest producer of quality chocolates in North America and a global leader in chocolate and sugar confectionery. Although he enjoyed making money, Milton S. Hershey was intent on using his vast fortune for philanthropic purposes. He decided to surround his enterprise with a model town and personally financed the building of roads, utilities,