The War Of The Middle East And North Africa

The six-day war can go down in history as one of the worst wars between Israel and one or more Arab countries. The six-day war heavily impacted Israel and the participating Arab countries in many ways. Israeli and Arab relations have never been good, even before Israel was declared an independent state in 1948. The six-day war should not be considered a new war based on its impact, rather it should be considered as a continuation of a constant war between Israel and its surrounding Arab neighbors. A factor that has always played a major part in instigating a conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbors is the refusal and rejection of the Arab leadership to indentify Israel as the homeland of the Jewish people. The war began with all surrounding Arab countries lining up along each border ready to try and wipe Israel out using air attacks, as well as ground attacks. The Six Day War concluded with an evident victory in favor of the Israelis, which to some is surprising due to the overwhelming force of the three militaries, which were ganging up on one small country. The casualty numbers ended up in favor of the Israeli’s who only lost somewhere near 700 people with 2,500 injured, while, Egypt lost 15,000 people and had 5,600 taken as prisoners, Jordan lost close to 6,000 people and Syria suffered somewhere close to 1,000 casualties (Knesset). The Arab attackers lost close to 1 billion dollars worth of aircrafts, tanks and heavy machinery in total between all three countries

The Iraq war also known as the Second Persian Gulf War begin in March 19, 2003. In 2007 violence in Iraq declined and the Unites States increasingly decreased its military presence. The Unites States formally ended their involvement in December 2011. The 2003 invasion of Iraq coined Operation Iraqi Freedom signaled the beginning of the war in Iraq. The United States led a coalition with the purpose of capturing Saddam Hussein president of Iraq. In May 2003 Saddam Hussein was captured by the United States. With his capture, a civil war broke out. While there are many reasons why the Iraq war begin, one the most well-known was the idea that the Iraqi government was in possession of weapons of mass destructions (WMD). The war in Iraq

The term “Arab Spring” has emerged in academic literature as well as in the general media from about early 2011. It refers to the “awakening” of some Arab nations and the movements to replace authoritarian regimes with democratic ones. The theme of “spring” and “awakening” seems to have been borrowed from the 1989 reform movements in the former Eastern-block nations, such as in the former German Democratic Republic or Hungary. However, this comparison has been criticised by some analysts since both the circumstances which have led to these movements as well as the outcome of these reform efforts seem to differ quite a lot. Yet, the Arab Spring term seems to be still widely used and even found an extension in the creation of the term Arab Winter which refers to events that happened in 2012 in some Arab countries during which these reform movements seemed to have “cooled-off” and particular nations, such as Egypt, attempted to go back to the status-quo of the pre-2011 era.

A perfect storm of unfavorable conditions laid the foundation for political unrest in the Middle East that would eventually ignite a pattern of revolutions in the region known as the Arab Spring. Although there are many components that comprised the desire for revolution, it was worsening economic conditions that played the vital role in beginning and driving these uprisings. Egypt’s January 25th uprising provides a classic example. Long hailed as a model for its implementation of economic neoliberal policies by many institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), it may seem ironic that Egypt’s economic conditions were such a catalyst for the uprising. Yet, it was the neoliberal policies of Egypt that brought about conditions for economic unrest. The

Thus affecting the ways regime transition occurs. "Tunisians will need to struggle with the social classes to show themselves in the country's continuing political turmoil. Egyptians must reform their institutions of government and Libyans will need to recover from a horrific civil war." (Anderson, 2011) Basically, Lisa Anderson (the president of the American University in Cairo) is saying although the revolts started coincidentally, they were not similar at all. Tunisia was ripped their rights of free expression, Egypt was restricted to basic needs and Libya experienced oppression. The type of military force also differs that will alter their outcomes. Nonetheless the situations these countries were in, sparked a social response towards their hatred against regimes. The people demanded reforms that signified the desire for transition between regimes through a powerful revolution that resonated in the Arab

The Sykes-Picot Agreement, or more commonly known as the Asia Minor Agreement, is one of the most pivotal events in the history of the Middle East that would alter the very structure of the region. It continues to negatively impact the countries that were involved due to the decisions made when it was signed and immediately after. The main purpose of the agreement was the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire after it was defeated in World War One . The Middle East region did offer many advantages to the Western powers for economic benefits, trading routes and commerce . The Great War was a major turning point for many regions across the European theatre but especially in the Middle East, the war signalled the end of the Ottoman Empire, a

May 15 was rapidly approaching, the day chosen for the British armed forces to vacate Palestine. Many thought, along with the British troops departure, went Israel’s only hope of survival; for 5 Arab nations were prepared to attack the defenseless state. On the other hand, there were those who refused to go down without a fight. Among them the few brave souls willing to risk everything to ensure our survival; to ensure there would never be another Holocaust. These heroic men created the first Israeli Air Force, an asset that played an essential role in the War of 1948. The five attacking Arab nations were about to be taken by surprise, as the fledgling state began to take flight.

In Bruce K. Rutherford’s writing “Egypt: The Origins and Consequences of the January 25 Uprising” Rutherford identifies the five key political actors/entities that are important in contemporary Egyptian politics. He recognizes the liberals, the Muslim Brotherhood, the Salafis, the military and remnants of the old regime as being some of the primary instigators in Egypt today. (Rutherford)

Persian Gulf War, also called Gulf War, (1990–91), international conflict that was triggered by Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990. Iraq’s leader, Saddam Hussein, ordered the invasion and occupation of Kuwait with the apparent aim of acquiring that nation’s large oil reserves, canceling a large debt Iraq owed Kuwait, and expanding Iraqi power in the region1. The Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein claimed as a reason for the invasion a territorial dispute over the Shatt al-Arab, the waterway which forms the boundary between the two countries2. Saddam Hussein believed that Iran was in turmoil and that his forces could achieve quick victory3.

This paper explores a few articles that report on the results from research conducted on online (internet) and offline (non-internet) in reference to the Gulf War also known under other names such as The Persian Gulf War, First Gulf War, Gulf War I, Kuwait War, First Iraq War, or Iraq War. The Articles though similar vary in the information. Finlan (2003) gives a breakdown the coalition forces, Sadam Husain invading Kuwait, Global impact and casualties. CNN.com and Gulf War link offer very similar time while but some facts are not identical, both articles examine and decipher the time line, the size of the force or troops , the makeup of the coalition, the types and amount of equipment , the cost for the war and the casualties

In late 2010, a tidal wave of uprisings and protests in various parts of the Arab world emerged. It began with the Tunisian revolution when the martyr Mahmoud Bouazizi set fire to himself as a result of the deteriorating economic and social. This led to protests and demonstrations that ended with the fall of the ruling regime. In Tunisia which sparked the beginning of revolutions in many Arab countries, this is known as an Arab Spring. The question remains what are the real reasons that led to the Arab Spring and its effects? the causes of the Arabic spring May be varied, depending on the places, however the reasons can be a corruption in economic policies and demand social justice as the key motives and protests in the Arab world. This essay will discuss the most important reasons, and the effects of what is known as the Arab Spring.

In chapter 4, Lynch discusses the Arab Spring that occurred from December 2010 through to March 2011, during which the protests developed into a regionwide uprising. The real revolutionary contribution of Tunisia and Egypt “was their rapid and massive diffusion into a regional tidal wave” (Lynch, 68). The close coverage of the uprisings encouraged other movements. Common themes emerged as protesters imitated each other’s tactics and rhetoric and regimes responded similarly, insisting that their countries’ particularities shielded them from the regional malaise. What made these protests different was that they succeeded in driving leaders from power, the traditionally effective authoritarian regime responses backfired, and they framed local acts into a single coherent regional narrative. Following the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions came the battles to claim

Unlike Tunisia, a marginal actor in the region, Egypt is the most populous, and one could argue, the most important country in the Middle East, at least in terms of maintaining stability. The U.S., which had backed the Egyptian government militarily since 1979 and had friendly relations with Mubarak, was faced with tough diplomatic decisions. Many foreign relations experts agree that the Obama Administration did a reasonable job handling the tricky situation. Once Mubarak stepped down, without the major bloodshed that would have occurred if the military had attack its own people, the U.S. appeared to have been on “the right

The Arab Spring has been a life changing phenomena, not only for the people who are attempting to overthrow their governments but for political scientists everywhere. The events originating in the North African country of Tunisia have led to the snowballing of several other Middle Eastern, predominantly Muslim, nation states. The figurative breaking point might have finally been reached as the oppressed peoples of the Middle East have risen up to overthrow long-standing dictatorial governments in hopes of revolutionary change; change that is subject to the will of the people.

the conflict in the middle east between 1948-1973 was not purely fuelled by the interest and concerns of the superpowers but rather of a series of conflictual incidents, aswell as the main wars that took place from the years from 1948-1967 such as the: 1948 War, The Six Day War of 1967 and the Yom Kippur war of 1973. But although the conflict was not fuelled by the superpowers, the influence of the superpowers and the reach of the superpowers into the Middle East was evident in the years both prior and following 1978. But even despite the influence and interests of the superpowers between and including 1948-1967 being undeniably evident, the extent of this influence cannot be said to have “fuelled the conflict”.