The Western Somali Liberation Front

Achievements Djibouti To embark on Djiboutian nationalism, we must start with that of the nationalism of Somalia and Ethiopia, since Djibouti is now an enclave within these two large countries. Somali political consciousness and aspirations for a national united front began when Italy invaded Ethiopia in October of 1935, but internal conflicts are creating turmoil, which encompass contemporary politics in Djibouti. As with any post-colonial African country, nationalism may be difficult

withdrawal and unification of Ireland. They strategically attacked pubs, town centers and the Royal Ulster Constabulary. They also was involved in international terrorism because they strategically carried out attacks in England. Likewise, Palestinian Liberation Organization whose aim was to liberate Palestinians through arm struggle carried out terrorist activities in Israel, and against Israelis in Munich Olympics (Cristie, 2011). Causes of Terrorism The root cause of terrorism is still a subject of

successive protection treaties, but no direct ruling of them. Governor De Vecchi began the takeover of the north-eastern sultanates and planned to nullify all treaties. To carry out his plan, he gathered Italian troops with support from the old Somali police corps as a colonial force. The fighting went back and forth the end of 1927 when the Italians had to retreat to Ethiopia and were unable to retake their territories they had gained in the Campaign of the Sultanates. On May 9, 1936, Benito

Terrorism in Kenya Introduction Kenya has been the battlefield of tragic terrorist attacks on western interests twice since 1998 – once in 1998 when the US embassy was attacked and a second time in 2002 when a Israeli-owned Paradise hotel was bombed. In 1980, Jewish-owned Norfolk hotel was attacked by the PLO. Every single attack shared a common thread of irony: the majority of the lives lost were Kenyan, even though the ideology behind the attacks suggests that Kenyan and Kenyans were not

wants to create a counter state in Somalia based on Sharia laws. It is attacking Kenya, because of our deployed forces inside Somalia in support of the Nascent western and regionally backed transition government. Currently they are employing terrorism both as a logic and as a method. On targeted Westgate shopping mall visited by western population in capital Nairobi to cause fear and

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AMISOM African Mission in Somalia AIAI Al-Ittihad Al-Islami AS Al Shabaab AQ Al Qaeda GWOT Global War on Terrorism ICJ International Court of Justice ICT Information and Communication Technology ICU Islamic Courts Union IED Improvised Explosive Devises IR International Relations KDF Kenyan Defense Force NFD Northern Frontier District NPPPP Northern Province People 's Progressive Party TFG Transitional federal government UN

War Between Ethiopians and Eritreans On May 6th 1998, Ethiopian and Eritrean patrols engaged in an all out battle. While it may not have been the “shot heard round the world”, it certainly was a shot the disrupted a previously peaceful vicinity. It was also a shot that completely changed the Horn of Africa, and permanently disrupted Ethiopian economy. It was also a shot that interrupted the young life of Benyam Berhe. Benyam Berhe experienced this war in a way completely unique from anyone

"Bracelets and necklaces from silver and gold are worn on arms and feet to complete the look" (Wikipedia, 1). These clothing are still used everyday in the country-side, but in cities and towns, western clothes are popular; however, some people life to wear their traditional clothing on special occasions, like New Year, Christmas or weddings (Wikipedia, 1)."Often, a woman will cover her head with a shash, a cloth that is tied at the neck". "Shama

Rastafari This page intentionally left blank Rastafari From Outcasts to Culture Bearers Ennis Barrington Edmonds 2003 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala

Wolliso, Ethiopia, June 1997 Around 9:30 on the day I am to leave for a three-day respite in Addis Ababa I try to mail my letter to Maureen at the post office. I do this, rather than carrying the letter with me to the city to mail, even though letters from Wolliso can take days to reach Addis Ababa. Perhaps I just want to get to know Wolliso better, and it is rumored that the woman who runs the one-room, one-desk, one- drawer post office has lived in the States and speaks impeccable English.