The Wireless Channel Is Different And Much More Unpredictable Than The Wire Line Channel

For this, either a new spectrum must be chosen or the affected links may be circumvented entirely. Thus, spectrum mobility necessitates a spectrum handoff scheme to detect the link failure and to switch the current transmission to a new route or a new spectrum band with minimum quality degradation. This requires collaborating with spectrum sensing, neighbor discovery in a link layer, and routing protocols. Furthermore, this functionality needs a connection management scheme to sustain the performance of upper layer protocols by mitigating the influence of spectrum

Transmission Time= [(100 bit/t seconds) = (10,000,000 bits / 1 second)] Therefore, t = 10 ms

3. Specify the standard transmission distance and transfer speed for the wireless technology you identified.

6. Because of the use of frequency hopping, the likelihood of other wireless networks interfering is very low (Johnson,2004).

propagation through time (BPTT) ??. If individual gradients are close to zero this multiplicative term would become

Each synchronized period consists of one CCH interval followed by a SCH interval. The default division for each interval is 50 ms. Each CCH and SCH interval begins with a 4 ms guard interval, which is used by the radio to transfer control from one channel to another. Compared to other 802.11 standards, 802.11p has a number of distinguishing features. For example, in 802.11p, a transmitter broadcasts each packet to all other nodes in the network on the CCH. In order to prevent the network from flooding with Acknowledgement messages (ACKs), 802.11p receivers do not send an ACK to the transmitter. Thus, there is no feedback mechanism provided by the receiver, and consequently, Contention Window size of the 802.11p transmitter remains fixed. If a DSRC

the time to transmit a control frame (such as an RTS frame, a CTS frame, or an ACK frame) is

that the distance covered by the dot in one second will change significantly from second to

Inter symbol interference (ISI) is avoided by assuming the duration of cyclic long enough and furthermore the channel is assumed to be stationary within one symbol period ( h(k)=hr ).

Simulation environment consists of wired, wireless and wired cum wireless network. Network simulator NS 2.35 [6] is used for the simulation. NS is a discrete event simulator, where the advance of times depends on the timing of events which are maintained by simulator.

letting t ¼ nTs, where Ts is the sample interval, the digitalmulti-carrier transmitter output is now

is as good as the unitary nanosecond, and thus the delays in arrival time produced by the

In Timeliness, the quantization of data transmission delay is to be calculated by the formula rt= 1-e^(t-t0)f where t0 represents the time of acquisition, t represents the time of data and f represents the frequency of the data

Signal’s spectrum is the range of frequency in which the signal is contained. The bandwidth is measured by the difference between the highest and the lowest frequencies. Therefore, bandwidth is the width of the signal’s spectrum. The higher the bandwidth, the higher amount of data can be transmitted.

A wireless network is any type of computer network that uses wireless data connections for connecting network nodes .Wireless networking is a method by which homes, telecommunications networks and enterprise (business).Installations avoid the costly process of introducing cables into a building, or as a connection between various equipment locations. Wireless telecommunications networks are generally implemented and administered using radio communication. This implementation takes place at the physical level (layer) of the OSI model  network structure.