The Wisdom Hierarchy : Representations Of The Dikw Hierarchy

Management and organizational theorist Russell Ackoff (1999) described Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom (DIKW) Hierarchy. According to him, information answers the questions of who, what, where, when, and how many. Information helps in deciding what to do, but not how to do. Knowledge consists of know-how and answers how questions. Wisdom, on the other hand, explains why and what is the best questions.

Data is facts and numbers that hasn’t been modified or analysed for example times and numbers. When data is by itself it has no meaning to it however information by itself does have a meaning.

Data is defined as useful raw material which is intended to be useful for both the originator and for the intended receiver. Data consists largely of facts and figures ideal for communicating the intended meaning. This data can be interpreted and can be categorised as follows;

| The study of knowledge: What constitutes knowledge, the nature of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible

According to DIKW framework information is the data which is interpreted, combined to give contextual meaning, and organized. The information component answers questions such as who, what, when and where (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2018). This section would begin to identify risk factors in COPD admissions. Such as, if someone lives alone are they less likely to be compliant with medication? Or, does smoking status increase the likelihood of readmission?

Analyse and corroborate sources and evaluate their accuracy, usefulness and reliability, analyse different perspectives and evaluate different historical interpretations and contested debates (VCHHC123), (VHCHHC124) & (VCHHC125)

Data is the form of input, which can be produced into information. For example, 5000 could be the value of a piece of data that a business has. By adding context to this, for example if an organisation sold 1000 sandwiches in a week; this becomes information, which will influence important decisions

Hierarchy is what creates an order in society, without it there would be little to no rules set in place that people followed. People who have hierarchy are advised to

The hierarchy. Putting in order a list of things. An example in a letter would be " We have three floors and a Three Tiered System. The Top floor is for Higher management.

Information is data that has been processed so that it has meaning and value to a recipient,

Kings, Jarls, Karls, Thralls are the four elements to the structure of a social hierarchy.

Data comprises of factual information. Data are the facts from which information is derived. Data is not necessarily informative on its own but needs to be structured, interpreted, analysed and contextualised. Once data undergoes this process, it transforms in to information. Information should be accessible and understood by the reader without needing to be interpreted or manipulated in any way.

Information: It is interpreted data which has been given meaning. It answers questions such as “who”, “what” and “where”. It is data which is organized and structured.

highest level is on top. Therefore, the closer one gets to the top of the model, the more knowledge one has and vice-versa. The same holds true for the other areas, as well, and they are all related to each other.

between men and women is the first. The two other levels are the power balances between