The Work Function Of Atom Metal Contact Charging Electron Transfer Results From The Contact Of Two Contact

Departments of Physics University of Houston Houston, TX 77204-5006 (Dated: September 23, 2010) We sought to reproduce the experiment first preformed by KT Bainbridge to determine the charge to mass ratio of the electron. In this paper, we derived the relationship between this ratio and measurable quantities, detailed our experimental setup, with in depth and specific circuit diagrams. We determined the mass to charge ratio to be 6.54341±.00474661e7[Cg − 1] with a percent difference of 63%. Because of the large error, we explore possible sources of error.

As more electrons are added the distance will increase which cause atomic radius to change.

Atoms have a tendency to either lose, gain, or share electrons until the atoms is surrounded by eight valence electrons. For an atom to have a full valence shell of electrons a chemical bond will share or transfer electrons in order for this to happen. The three types of transfer between electrons and elements are ionic, covalent, or metallic.

The purpose of this experiment was to visualize the interaction that charges have with one another and how charges move within the physical world. There was no quantitative data collected, each tool qualitatively displayed its data and observations of the displays were recorded. Numerous models were utilized to display various principles of charges like charging by friction or contact, polarization, charging by induction, and electrical discharge. We utilized an electroscope, a rubber rod, animal fur, pith balls, a Van de Graaf generator, acetate and vinyl strips, cotton, wool, and a Leyden jar to construct the subsequent models. By using the visual and sound information given by the different models, we were able to make observations about

of the first subatomic particle. In order to do this successfully, Thompson constructed a cathode ray tube that allowed him to determine the ratio of the cathode ray particle’s charge to its mass. The cathode ray tube Thompson constructed was an “air tight” glass tube that had a cathode and an anode (with a small slit) attached to a power source, an electromagnet, a pair of charged plates, and a zinc sulfide coating at the front of the tube. The cathode is a negatively charged metal electrode which produces cathode rays, whereas the anode is a positively charged electrode that allows electrons

Is a strong dipole-dipole attraction between an electron deficient Hydrogen atom on one molecule and a lone pair of electrons on a highly electronegative atom of another molecule (such as Fluorine, Oxygen, and

B. If the cation is a metal who can have different charges write down the

2) Charge q2 is now displaced a distance y2 = 2.7 cm in the positive

It takes a certain amount of energy to cause a metal to emit an electron.

- Going down electronegativity decreases. It decreases because the valence electron shell is further away from the nucleus. This makes the atoms attraction to protons and electrons less attracted to the nucleus.

Recently in class we have discovered the meaning of electron affinity and ionization energy. We know that ionization energy is the energy required to be absorbed when an ionic bond removes an electron from an atom. We also know that electron affinity is how easily an atom will accept an electron into its shells when trying to make itself neutral. This means that both of these terms play a big role when an atom loses or gains an electron.

It is the observed interdependent relationship between magnetism and electricity at the subatomic

n her article, What Happens When Newton’s Third Law is Broken; Lisa Zyga describes a break through in the physics of nonreciprocal interactions of micro particles. One of the impressive products of this research is that one can observe a mixture of two liquids, which are described to be in “detailed equilibrium”, whose respective micro-particles retain the temperature of their original liquid; copied from a paper published in Physical Review X, Alexei Ivlev, et al. Another example of nonreciprocal interactions of micro particles is in an experiment where researchers levitated charged micro particles above an electrode in a plasma chamber. In this study, the violation of Newton’s third law comes from the idea that two different kinds of charged

Over time, the charge accumulated on a powder surface will partly decay (dissipate) (Malave-Lopez and Peleg, 1985). Charge decay is a complex phenomenon that has been measured by different techniques (Paasi et al., 2001). The timescale for electrostatic charge decay is an important factor. For example, there will be a higher probability of considerable charge build-up on the material when charge decay occurs slowly. The charge decay rate is a measure of the rate at which the electrostatic charge present on the surface of a material can migrate away (Chubb, 2002). The charge decay rate is dependent on many factors, including material’s electrical resistivity, the resistivity of the other material on contact, RH of the surrounding air and hold time (Bailey, 1993; Sharma et al., 2001a). The lower the material electron conductivity the longer the time needed for charge decay. A powder in contact with a conductive material will dissipate the charge quicker than the same powder in contact with an insulator. It is anticipated that moisture adsorption will make the material more conductive. (Paasi et al., 2001) showed the charge decay rate to increase with increasing RH due to a concurrent decrease in surface resistivity. The hold time (defined as the time passed between the end of processing and dispensing the sample into the Faraday cup for charge measurement) was shown as the most effective option of dissipating charge following blending (Engers et al., 2006).

We have now discussed the two extremes in electronic materials; a conductor, and an insulator we will now move to a material that lies in between these two, a semiconductor. The