It was the spring of 1943 in Germany, and inside Hans Albrecht’s pub, the cruel officers of the Gestapo drank and talked with each-other. “You boys seem quite happy. What’s up?” I asked. “Well brother, we are rich! Rich with power!” Karl Albrecht bellowed. Herbert Kappler raised his glass and yelled out, “To the Führer!” They raised their glasses and clinked them together, their grey uniforms shining in the moonlight that seeped through the window. “The Final Solution is almost completed,” Karl grinned. “There is still much work to be done, but we have made very good progress,” Herbert replied. Ashamed, I turned away, knowing exactly what “The Final Solution” was. I never truly believed in the Nazi philosophy, in fact, I despised it. Of course I could never mention this, for uttering any words in outcry against the Nazis was a crime punishable by torture and often death. I couldn’t believe that his own brother Karl was in the Gestapo. The men of the Gestapo were some of the most foul scum that walked the earth at that time. Evil, hate-filled, murderers who roamed the streets beating and dragging innocent people from their homes. Despite all of this, I have to say I did a fine job of hiding my true feelings. Herbert Kappler, Karl’s fellow Gestapo officer, was the only one who seemed to ever think something was amiss with my loyalty to the Nazis. “We’ve received a tip about a family of Jews hiding in an attic, the Feiners was the name if I recall correctly,”
The Totalitarian Aspects of Nazi Germany The government of Nazi Germany was a fascist, totalitarian state. They ruled in Germany ever since Hitler became chancellor in 1933, to 1945. Totalitarianism was a form of government in which the state involves itself in all facts of society, including the daily life of its citizens. It penetrates and controls all aspects of public and private life, through the state's use of propaganda, terror and technology.
The following is a critique of the article “Good Times, Bad Times: Memories of The Third Reich” by Ulrich Herbert. In this critique, I will explore the themes of the article, discuss the main arguments, and address the significance of the author’s insight to the world of Nazi Germany.
Historians are often divided into categories in regard to dealing with Nazi Germany foreign policy and its relation to Hitler: 'intentionalist', and 'structuralist'. The intentionalist interpretation focuses on Hitler's own steerage of Nazi foreign policy in accordance with a clear, concise 'programme' planned long in advance. The 'structuralist' approach puts forth the idea that Hitler seized opportunities as they came, radicalizing the foreign policies of the Nazi regime in response. Structuralists reject the idea of a specific Hitlerian ideological 'programme', and instead argue for an emphasis on expansion no clear aims or objectives, and radicalized with the dynamism of the Nazi movement. With Nazi ideology and circumstances in
Synopsis – Hitler’s Willing Executioners is a work that may change our understanding of the Holocaust and of Germany during the Nazi period. Daniel Goldhagen has revisited a question that history has come to treat as settled, and his researches have led him to the inescapable conclusion that none of the established answers holds true. Drawing on materials either unexplored or neglected by previous scholars, Goldhagen presents new evidence to show that many beliefs about the killers are fallacies. They were not primarily SS men or Nazi Party members, but perfectly ordinary Germans from all walks of life, men who brutalized and murdered Jews both willingly and zealously. “They acted as they did because of
Christopher R. Browning’s “Ordinary Men” chronicles the rise and fall of the Reserve Police Battalion 101. The battalion was one of several units that took part in the Final Solution to the Jewish Question while in Poland. The men of Reserve Police Battalion 101, and other units were comprised of ordinary men, from ordinary backgrounds living under the Third Reich. Browning’s premise for the book is very unique, instead of focusing on number of victims, it examines the mindset of how ordinary men, became cold-hearted killers under Nazi Germany during World War II. Christopher Browning’s “Ordinary Men” presents a very strong case that the men who made up the Reserve Police Battalion 101 were indeed ordinary men from ordinary background, and
Dodd, the American ambassador to Adolf Hitler’s Germany, and his family in the years preceding the Second World War. Larson combines his incredible research capabilities with his overt mastery of narrative to transform a usually overlooked moment in history into a grand tale of national and international intrigue. For this particular narrative, however, his grand purpose emerges as an attempt to illustrate the true atmosphere of Hitler’s Germany and how the Dodds’ initial optimism and interest in the Nazi regime quickly soured into an innate sense of fear and dread as the situation escalated to a point of pure and uncontrolled cruelty. The extensive use of quotations, when merged with Larson’s critical attention to detail and his periodic shifts in viewpoint, all contribute beautifully to conveying his central message as well as augmenting his appeal to moral
In Christopher Browning’s book, Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland tells the story of Battalion 101, a group of 500 policemen in their 30’s and 40’s who were sent into Poland to participate in a ‘special action’ without being told exactly what they are doing. Overtime they realized their mission is to Kill Jews and racially purify Europe. Most of the killing during this period of mass murder took place in Poland. Battalion 101 together with other Order Police battalions contributed to the manpower needed to carry out this enormous task. Browning comments that these men all went through their developmental period before the Nazis came into power. These were men who had known political standards and moral norms other than those of the Nazis. Most men came from Hamburg; one of the least ‘nazified’ cities in Germany and the majority came from a social class that had been anti-Nazi in its political culture. In seems this would not seem to have been a very promising group from which to recruit mass murderers on behalf on the Nazi vision of a racial utopia free of Jews. However, their actions helps us understand not only what they did to make the Holocaust happen, but also how they were transformed psychologically from the ordinary men into active participants in the most horrific offence in human history. In doing so, it aims on the human capacity for extreme evil and leaves this subject matter with the shock of knowledge and the
The main sources for this book consist of archival documents and court records of the Holocaust. The specific testimony, court records, investigation records, and prosecution documents of members of the Reserve Police Battalion 101 members are used as sources. In this book, Christopher Browning shows in minute detail the sequence of events and individual reactions that turn ordinary men into killers. His arguments make sense. He makes no unwarranted assumptions. The cause and effect statements made and arguments presented are logical and well developed. Ordinary Men by Christopher Browning accounts for the actions of the German Order Police (more specifically the actions of Reserve Police Battalion 101 in Poland) and the role they played in the Second World War during the Jewish Holocaust. Police Battalion 101 was composed of veterans from World War One and men too old to be
I had never heard such a tone in the voice of an SS man”(40). Weisenthal believed that Karl was not born a murderer nor that wanted to be one. Rather, it was the Nazis who turned him to
Even though Germany was left in a period of struggle and economic weakness after WW1, Adolf Hitler would take a stand by creating a party that would help refine the structure of the economy. This party, when abbreviated, was called Nazi, would also create harsh laws and unrelentless punishment. Due to the Nazi party’s quick growth, there was an immediate impact on lifestyle and politics for the people of Germany. The long term impact brought forth by the consequences or legacy of the Nazi party included a population decrease and an increase in deaths. To make both of these impacts, Hitler had to overcome many hard challenges.
The group was trying to increase the number of supporters within German army commanders. They managed to attract several leading army officers like
Over the past few weeks I have continued reading the non-fiction book, Behind Hitler’s Lines by Thomas H. Taylor. I am currently on page 172. In this journal I will be predicting, visualizing, and questioning.
A patrol in a forest near Landsberg in Bavaria discovers a concentration camp full of starving prisoners. The 101st did in
Today’s atoning appearance was scripted by Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels. Yet this brief visit leaves not a shutter-click for a single photograph. And for good reason. Here in Austria the stateless Führer is subject to arrest. Fully aware of this peril, the SS detachment stands ready to orchestrate a hasty retreat.
What the source is communicating about the role of government is teaching the youth about the Nazi principle. The Hitler Youth group were to Hitler and the Nazi Party the future of Germany. The Nazi youth groups were used as propagandists, reinforcements, and warriors. There wasn’t enough military and secret police to control all the Germany people, so they used them. What the source shows that Hitler has impacted others and has set out roles for her citizens so that they would become what he wanted them too. Hitler’s role was to get as many supporters as he could and get the young to start learning about the things he believed was right. hitler wanted to be as powerful as he could to create a good government and a good country for him and