The World Trade Organization ( Wto ) Agreements

OECD.org (2017) identifies its cooperation with civil society and states it “is committed to giving a voice to civil society stakeholders and helping ensure that their views are factored into the OECD’s work and hence making the OECD analyses stronger”. It does this through engagement with various agencies including Business and Industry (BIAC) and the Trade Union Advisory Committee (TUAC). It also works with non-governmental

The struggle between capitalism, national sovereignity, human rights, and environmental protectionism is a constant struggle. International Nongovernment Organzations (INGO) serve an important role in watching the process unfold. Unfortunately, the history of the world is filled with conflict and no one person or group has the answer as to the outcome.

The rise has equally seen states mould some of their policies around the idea of trying to attract these NGO’s and transnational companies into their states. Tactics may include tax reductions or simply the promise of state perks. The states know that the NGO’s and transnational companies will help to bring with them prestige but also more importantly employment which will help their chance of staying in power as a major factor in elections is the economic situation in the country and this is what governments are ultimately judged on. Transnational companies now account for 70% of world trade which helps emphasize their importance to the economy. It can also be said that they bring technological advances around the world which can only really be deemed as a positive.

Nowadays economic globalization is a trend. Free trade affects us every day. The World Trade Organization is writing the constitution and operating the global trade. However, more and more people start to think over: is free trade a universally good global economic system? Does the WTO can really inspire growth and prosperity for all? According to the Global Exchange, the answer is no and there are alternatives to the WTO. A flier distributed through the website for Global Exchange appeal to people to oppose the WTO and replace it with a democratic global economy. The

They are focusses around different areas such as health, education, jobs, welfare, etc. here we are going to restrict our discussion to role of NGO’s in the context of

World Trade Organization ( WTO Eng . World Trade Organization (WTO) - an international organization founded January 1, 1995 for the purpose of international trade liberalization and regulation of trade and political relations between the Member States. WTO established under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) .WTO is responsible for the introduction of new parts as well as enforces the members of the organization of all agreements signed by most countries and ratified by their parliaments. WTO bases its activities on the basis of decisions taken in the years 1986-1994 in the framework of the Uruguay Round and earlier GATT agreements. As of July 2012 , there are different groups of negotiations in the WTO system to address current issues in terms of agriculture, which leads to stagnation in the negotiations themselves .WTO headquarters is in Geneva , Switzerland. WTO chief ( CEO ) - Roberto Carvalho de Azevedo , in the state of the organization about 640 people. On March 2, 2013 the WTO consisted of 159 countries .

Far from being seen as objective entities, the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and World Bank are often conceptualized as instruments of the developed world. It is alleged that they are used to enforce crippling economic policies upon the developing world. To some extent, it is perhaps inevitable that these international institutions are seen as such. The memory of colonial exploitation in Latin America, Africa, and other developing nations runs deep, and the power dynamic of these institutions relative to the nations they are ostensibly helping often echoes the relationship of the colonizing to the colonized.

This section will discuss the main themes and present the findings which arose from the interview process and subsequent data analysis. This section will define and discuss GDP per capita based on the World Bank’s 2016 data. Sub-Saharan African countries that are currently worked in by chosen NGOs are then categorized as disadvantaged, mid-advantaged and advantaged based on GDP per capita. The GDP data of countries that NGOs are funding is important for this research because it contributes to my hypothesis, as I believed that more advantaged and mid-advantaged countries were chosen because of the high amount of resources in those countries. it seemed initially that funding and resources were what drove NGOs choices on which countries to

The original and main goal of the WTO is to remove trade barriers between countries, which is a major idea

MNC’s and NGO’s alliances. Public identify NGO’s as their representation on important matters such as environment and social justice. Corporations must consider alliances with NGO’s when working with

In their introduction to the chapter "Why International Organisations Matter," which was contributed to Business and the Politics of Globalisation: After the Global Financial Crisis, authors Xu Yi-chong and Patrick Weller begin the rhetorical defense of international organisations (IOs) by providing a review of recent global crises, and describing the various roles that global groups like the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) played in addressing these most complex of dilemmas. The work performed by both the IMF and the World Bank in mitigating the disastrous effects of the global financial crisis is presented as a prime example of the efficacy of international organisations, as is the authoritative Report issued by the IPCC in response to mounting evidence in support of climate change as a demonstrable scientific phenomenon. As Yi-chong and Weller state unequivocally, "globalisation could not have taken place without the desire of states to pursue cooperation; neither could it have happened without IOs acting as effective facilitators of that cooperation" (2010), because communication on the international scale often requires an objective third-party for purposes of negotiation, mediation, and conflict resolution.

The origin of the WTO has its roots in the creation of the International Trade Organization (ITO) at the 1944 Bretton Woods ' Conference. While the terms of the ITO charter were being drafted and debated and countries pondered whether or not they would be a part of the organization, representatives from a group of 17 nations assembled in Geneva and concluded an interim agreement (GATT) to lower trade barriers and

Assess the role global institutions like the (WTO, Word Bank, UN) have in international business in these countries, with specific reference to international trade.

Environmental NGOs seek to pursue insider strategies by joining government delegations as advisors or pursue outsider strategies as either activists or lobbyists inside the negotiation venue (Rietig, 2011). The inside approach consists of NGOs trying to gain an influence with governments and negotiators by providing policy solutions and expert advice and engaging in knowledge construction, producing research-based reports and paper (Andresen and Gulbrandsen, 2003). Many US based NGOs adopt this strategy. The outsider approach will consist of NGOs putting pressure on governments, negotiators and target groups through direct actions, protesting, boycotts and even civil disobedience. The goal of the outsider approach is to make companies and countries more flexible in international negotiations by impacting on public opinion, with the aim of driving governments to comply with international commitments, whilst negatively exposing polluters and environmentally harmful corporations for particular topics (Andresen and Gulbrandsen, 2003). According to Stafford and Polonsky (2000) Environmental NGO’s are increasingly beginning to favour cooperation rather than traditional protest and confrontation to encourage environmentally sensitive procedures. The insider-outsider strategy will vary amongst NGO’s, although major ones are most likely to pursue a duel strategy (Andresen and Gulbrandsen, 2003).

A core of neoliberal policy has been promoting non-state actors, such as multinational corporations, non-governmental organizations and international development platforms. In the development sphere, state actors in the majority world have faced significant criticism from Western media. As a result, many international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) have become powerful in acting as the bridge between Western donors and the majority world. Thus, INGOs are integral to the neoliberal framework.