Journal of Management and Marketing Research
The worth of sport event sponsorship: an event study
Jin-Woo Kim
The University of Texas at Arlington
Abstract
The authors investigate the relationship between sports-related event sponsorship and stock market valuation and identify factors that influence the financial rewards of sponsorship using World Cup and PGA tour sponsorship data. In particular, relationship between sports sponsorship with financial performance is examined in terms of sponsorship fit, event characteristics, and brand equity. Event study results show that sponsorship for World Cup and
PGA is positively related to abnormal stock returns for sponsors but not every sponsor enjoys significantly positive cumulative abnormal
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Sports sponsorship makes it possible to link the aspiration and passion of a target audience to specific sports (Arun, 2004). In general, sponsorship holds a unique position in the marketing mix because it is effective in building brand awareness, providing differentiated marketing platforms, facilitating direct business benefits and providing valuable networking and hospitality opportunities (ADREVIEW). The number of companies sponsoring events has increased over the past decade.
However, it is somewhat unclear how the effectiveness of event marketing activities can be measured. As mentioned earlier, approach to sports sponsorship can be divided into two
The worth of sport, Page 2
Journal of Management and Marketing Research research stream (see Table 1). One is the consumer psychology approach which incorporates effect of sports sponsorship in terms of consumers’ awareness, recognition, and behavioral intentions. The other approach focuses on grasping the potential contribution of sports sponsorship to positive or negative changes in stock price. The effect of sponsorship on firm value in the stock market can be investigated in financial perspective.
Approach
Consumer
psychologic al approach
Table 1. Literature Review on Sponsorship Effects
Researchers
Contents
Speed and
Conceptual framework about the effect of
Thompson,
sponsor-event fit, perceived sincerity of the
2000
sponsor,
New employees in the career of sports marketing lead by example from some of the most successful products such as the Red Bull energy drink and Skullcandy products. The most efficient way to be successful is to promote products with several sponsors. For example, everyone knows what Red Bull is, a sports drink known for its burst of energy right when we need it. The company has had great success taking a new approach on sponsorship. Conway argues in his article “A Sports Marketing Success Story” that “Red Bull wants to own teams and events. The company has a huge focus on brand management and ownership allows it to completely control how its brand
According to the text, on Olympic.org (2017), the Olympic Games are one of the most effective global marketing platforms reaching billions in over 200 countries and territories. Corporate partners help provide vital technical services, product support, Games staging, and operations of every organization within the Olympic Program (Olympic.org, 2017). Olympic sponsorships create images of brand goodwill, build awareness and communicate messages, and afford employee reward and client entertainment opportunities (Keller, 2014). These
| * Endorsing Athletes * Sponsoring Sports events * City based advertisements * Banners & Billboards * Themes on
However, the sponsored corporation for any particular team could possibly pull their sponsorship due to the person or team not upholding their end of the deal. Sometimes they pull sponsorships due to bad publicity, scandals, or allegations. These financial decisions show how all of the dimensions flow and work together to create the industry with the corporations being in control in my
The disadvantage of sponsorship in English football is from the sports organisations being able to dictate the amount of presence the sponsor will have. We understand the benefits of sponsorship for Bwin having a positive connection with sports but it is important not to make this a main advertising platform to rely on as the sports organisation have only built the relationship with Bwin for financial investment only.
Sports’ marketing is becoming more readily known as the vehicle that drives the sports business to success. It is “orientated toward consumers and about thinking, deciding and acting in terms of the final consumer. You have to know who your consumers are, what they want and need and use this effectively as a sports marketer orientating the drive more toward the market, not the product (Sports Marketing: The motor that drives the sports business
The authors Corey, G., Corey, M., Callanan and Russel (2004) in chapter four of our text Group Techniques, illustrate well that that during the initial stage of the group process leaders work to facilitate an atmosphere of “acceptance, mutual respect, trust, confidentiality, enthusiasm, focus, purpose, exploration and most importantly an environment that is conducive to healing. ”1 There are several attributes in the initial stage of the group process that group leaders attend to, so that the beginning along with consecutive sessions are structured in such a way whereas one session builds upon another. This undoubtedly helps to create momentum, synergy and a constant sense of anticipation needed by members in their groups to encourage them on their journey. These attributes as suggested by Corey et.
Marketing plans and strategies are an important part of almost any business today. One of the biggest industries marketing plans have benefited and changed in a number of different ways is the sports industry. The development of the sports marketing industry has led companies to invest millions of dollars to have their product associated with specific teams, players, and sporting events attempting to connect with consumer and create profit for both parties involved. The money involved in sports marketing calls for these sponsorships and endorsement decisions to be made both strategically and confidently. After researching the sports industry from a business perspective the importance of marketing decisions is
Sports' marketing is a comparatively new field and dimension within the broad concept of marketing. It is continuously evolving and changing today as society combats the free market to decide the legal and ethical limitations of business today. It is significant to note that this discipline within marketing is not clearly defined. Sports today use corporate sponsorships and television money in order to contend and pay for top quality athletes. Those companies use teams, leagues, colleges, and individuals to make a distinction between their products in a very aggressive business environment. What makes up sports marketing to one person could be considered selling out to another. The business world keeps pushing to find a competitive advantage and the sports world has in general welcomed the money offered (Weikel, n.d.).
The report will discuss the affiliation between UEFA and marketing specialists Television Event and Media Marketing (TEAM). The writer will show that this association was fundamental to the emergence of the UCL and discuss the strategies developed by TEAM to ensure the competition was seen as a credible and visible brand.
Companies all over the world are in bidding wars to get their name at the top. Whether it's on the hood of a car in a NASCAR race or on the jersey of a soccer team, these companies know the importance of sponsorship. Sponsors come from every corner of the business world and some even make it big if their sponsored athlete makes it big.
In many cases they are absolutely essential to the vitality of the sports they sponsor.
“For a promotion to be successful, it must be profitable. And to be profitable, it must enhance some, if not all, of the following goals: 1. Paid attendance, 2. Corporate tie-ins, 3. Sponsor value, and 4. Media coverage” (Helitzer 317). Promotions must increase the number of people at the event, or paid attendance, it also must enhance corporate tie-ins, which are signs or give-a-ways at the stadium. Sponsor value, or the value perceived by the sponsor must also be enhanced along with media coverage. Media coverage is enhanced by sending the local or national media sources bulletins about the events or by having press conferences. A strategy that a sports marketer must use is to stagger the promotional gimmicks throughout the event. If one staggers the promotion, then the audience is always aware of the event and looking out for the promotions.
The career of a sport management professional offers a large number of various positions. One such career is that of a director who specializes in promotion and development. “Promotion and development directors are hired by sports teams and school athletic programs to design and implement promotional campaigns that will increase ticket sales” (Sports Management 1). The biggest part of their job is to provide a profit for the organization they are working for. Directors set up opportunities for the sports team to make money off of sponsors. They also set up deals with advertisers to pay a sum of money in exchange for their ads or products to be listed or shown at their sporting event (Sports Management 1). Good advertising and production of cash flow go hand in hand while promotion directors try to help them to succeed. Development and promotion directors play an important role in developing a profit for their organizations.
Sponsoring has had years in the making by helping out their associates, but at the same time, they are making money for themselves. This benefits both of them in order that one takes interest in their companies and another gets more involved in the school's activities in order to increase their savings. Not all comes easy when it comes to sponsors they will take advantage of the cause and claim any item they gave to the schools their own making the schools lose their uniqueness. Meanwhile, it can be positive by giving more popularity to the schools, meaning they would be getting more recognized and helping out school activities on their necessities giving them more importance.