The Wretched of the Earth, by Frantz Fanon: The Native Intellectual's Alliance with the Lumpenproletariat

Even though there are many articles show us much information at these times, the details may be so different from each other that the Colonial Era is still in mystery for most of us today. For instance, some of us may know the Native Americans as brutal and cruel people without understanding deeply about their life. Baily describes their life before the arrivals of the Europeans as a peaceful life and rich culture. He tells us that they have their own civilization from the organization of family and the country 1. The author also explores the foundation of new societies as bloody and costly ways when the Europeans from many countries came to Indian land. The evidence is that there are many terrifying encounter among these countries because of the conflict in building their own society

When Europeans encountered the Native Americans, the encounter was fraught with difficulties for both sides, for the Native Americans more so than the Europeans. Europeans conquered the Native Americans, forced them into labor, and spread diseases which the Native Americans had no resistance to. In addition to this the Europeans considered themselves superior to the Native Americans. Despite this, the Europeans and Native Americans, both had things the other wanted and so they often engaged in trade with each other. However, the Native Americans thought that, despite not having the luxuries the Europeans had, they were better off than the Europeans. This sentiment is exemplified in “Your People Live Only Upon Cod” by French priest Chrestian LeClerq who was traveling with the Micmac Indians. It is a documented response by an unknown Micmac leader to European, particularly French, claims of superiority. In analyzing this document, we will find that the cultures of the French and the Micmac were vastly different. We will also discover what the Micmac and the French thought of each other.

The author is implicating the European’s expansion of territory in North America lead to rising conflicts with several Native American tribes whom already settled on the land. The implication is proven when the document

This section highlights that history has created a false narrative depicting the natives as a victimized people, which they were to some extent but only in the fashion that they did not possess the same technology for warfare, immunity of communal diseases transmitted, and they were not anticipating combat. All other factors considered, the natives stood to be a potential threat. In regards to knowledge obtained by Spaniards prior to arrival and knowledge gained from observation, it would be remiss had they not prepared for battle. This argument is not to be misconstrued in approving their actions; I do recognize colonization as an evil for both the reasons employed and its damaging effects, but rather to change the narrative surrounding that of the native people. While they did experience a tragedy, I feel that it is erroneous to write them into history as being incompetent resulting from their

The crown depicted the Indians as intractable, only to find that settlers resorted to violence against the Indians precisely because of their supposed intractability. Indigenous peoples, for their part, fought among themselves and against advancing settlers. All groups sought to “territorialize” their societies to secure themselves against competitors. In the final chapters, Langfur extends and qualifies this complicated story. In the later eighteenth century, settler pressures grew, stressing crown policies and threatening indigenous social orders, until all-out war broke out after 1808. For Langfur this was no Manichean battle between European invaders and indigenous victims. To a dominant narrative of violence he juxtaposes a “parallel history of cooperation” among Europeans, Africans, and Indians, and he concludes that war itself must be understood in terms of “the relationship of cooperative enemies.”

In The Colonizer and the Colonized, Albert Memmi’s essential argument is that the collapse of colonialism is inevitable. According to Memmi, there are only two answers for the colonized to disrupt the system of oppression. The two possible “solutions” are assimilation and revolt. In response to the marginalization of the colonized, both answers carry a high price. In Memmi’s eyes, neither will work in the end. The first of two answers on the road to collapsing colonization is assimilation. Imitation and compromise are not the answer to decolonizing, for neither the colonized nor the colonizer.

The first interaction that took place in the New World, occurred between a group of European settlers and Native Indians, who inhabited the borders of the United States. Indian tribes, who resided in the North, lacked the skills and literacy Europeans had obtained, such as craftsman’s ship of tools, weapons, and wheeled vehicles. However, their simplistic lives allowed them to master skills, which would become important and useful to new settlements, such as farming, hunting, developing structures, and engage in far-reaching networks of trade. Europeans viewed the Natives one of two ways, “they were regarded either as noble savages, gentle, friendly, and superior in some ways to Europeans, or as uncivilized and brutal savages.” (Give Me Liberty

The article “American Native Studies Is For Everyone” by Duane Champagne, which is an associate professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of California, Los Angeles. This article addresses about some various issue between Indian and Non Indian Scholars that who should be studying about Indians, how the media distribute the information about Indians and the importance of American Native Studies.

Historically, relationships between European colonists and Native American were extremely complex and complicated. Due to the violent European colonization of America, Native Americans became susceptible to oppressions and extinction for over five hundred years (Poupart, 2003). European colonists’ central focus were directed towards acquiring maximum profits by exploiting Native American’s vast resources and utilizing their physical performance toward enslavement. This created devastation among Native American families, movement of various fatal diseases, and destruction of the traditional lifestyle of Native Americans (Starkey, 1998). The elimination of Native American culture came with strong opposition and resistance through civil organizations, religious movements, and conflict revolutions.

Although the Indians had many admirable talents, the Europeans respect for the natives was microscopic. Europeans from different parts of the world had conflicting viewpoints of how Indians should be treated. In the, “Native

Lindsay’s statement illustrates how racial formation greatly influenced the actions and mindset of the European-Americans and its effects on Native Americans. It reveals how disillusioned European-Americans were because of their belief of racial superiority and that it caused them to turn a blind-eye to the possibilities of peaceful coexistence with the Native people. The portrayal of Native Americans as savages shows how European-Americans used this to prove themselves as a higher race in the social hierarchy and to justify their entitlement to the land and resources that waited for them in the west.

During American colonial times, the native peoples of the new world clashed often with the English settlers who encroached upon their lifestyle. Many horror stories and clichés arose about the natives from the settlers. As one might read in Mary Rowlandson’s Narrative, often these disputes would turn to violence. To maintain the process of the extermination of the natives alongside Christian moral beliefs, one of the main tenets of colonial life was the belief that the natives were “savages”; that they were morally and mentally inferior to the English that settled there. As is the case with many societies, certain voices of dissent began to spin. These voices questioned the assertions

Frantz Fanon argues the decolonization must always be a violent phenomenon because resisting a colonizing power using only politics will not work. Europeans justified colonization by treating it as gods work. They believed that god wanted then to occupy all lands and spread the word of god to savages of darker skin color. Fanon joined the Algerian Nationalist Movement when the Algeria was being colonized be the French. Many examples of violence written of in The Wretched of the Earth were taken from the struggle for independence in Algeria. Also the writing is sympathetic towards colonized natives. Fanon claims decolonization causes violent actions from both settlers and natives and creates intolerant

He and his family clearly fit into the more privileged bourgeoisie that Fanon describes, as he works in the hotel industry, lives in the capital, and expresses a disdain for the Hutu radio speaker and marchers who terrify his Tutsi driver and relatives. Accruing enough money to support his family, yet also to display his own prowess in playing the game of exploitation is more important. In fact, Rusesabagina would show how, as Fanon writes, “identifies itself with the Western bourgeoisie, from whom it has learnt its lessons” (Fanon 1580). Despite this observation, Fanon also claims an implicit essentialism; the bourgeoisie must deny itself from taking advantage of those that work for them and “repudiate its own nature in so far as it is bourgeoisie” (Fanon 1579). However, Spivak observes that the Marxism that Fanon studied under has “impl[ied] that positivism is not a theory”, which would be problematic as Fanon’s ideas could be solidified into immutable facts against inquiry (Spivak 2203). Mimicry for Fanon entails a native turning their backs against their culture in the face of the colonizer urging its subjects to think of their customs as inherently inferior to their own. The native would then take on several of the colonizer’s behaviors in order to gain a semblance of power,

The desire to conquer land that was previously unexplored has existed throughout history. This desire forced many indigenous societies, who were usually dominated technologically, to adapt to the teachings and overall system of the ‘superior’ conqueror nation with destruction as the only alternative. This causes a major impact on how a certain society functions, even after seeking independence from the foreigners. The rise and fall of indigenous societies can be analyzed through various media. Chinua Achebe is a novelist specializing in African literature, and this essay deals with the themes regarding colonialism in one of his many novels. In