The Xylitol Toothpaste Trial For Children

Another issue of controversy is the safety of the chemicals used to fluoridate water. The most commonly used additives are silicofluorides, not the fluoride salts used in dental products (such as sodium fluoride and stannous fluoride). Silicofluorides are one of the by-products from the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers. The toxicity database on silicofluorides is sparse and questions have been raised about the assumption that they completely dissociate in water and, therefore, have toxicity similar to the fluoride salts tested in laboratory studies and used in consumer products (Coplan and Masters 2001). It also has been maintained that, because of individual variations in exposure to fluoride, it is difficult to ensure that the right individual dose to protect against dental caries is provided through large-scale water fluoridation. In addition, a body of information has developed that indicates the major anticaries benefit of fluoride is topical and not systemic (Zero et al. 1992; Rölla and Ekstrand 1996; Featherstone 1999; Limeback 1999a; Clarkson and McLoughlin 2000; CDC 2001; Fejerskov

The prevention of caries is accomplished through the execution of a variety of measures, such as the fluoridation of the drinking water supply as well as the utilization of sealants and topical fluorides (Mouradian, Wehr, and Crall 2625). Despite the ease of preventability of tooth decay, it is one of the most common childhood chronic diseases, with more than half of the nation’s children having detectable caries (Mouradian, Wehr, and Crall 2625). Unfortunately, only 62% of water supplies are fluoridated, and underserved communities with low-income and minority families are usually the ones who are disproportionately affected (Mouradian, Wehr, and Crall 2626). Low-income individuals are generally less likely to seek preventative care, increasing their costs of neglected oral diseases and morbidity factors (Mouradian, Wehr, and Crall 2626). In addition, only one in five children who are covered by Medicaid are authorized for preventative oral healthcare, while restorative care is generally not even a consideration (Mouradian, Wehr, and Crall 2625).

Studies on oral health range from the impact of dental health insurance to the efficiency of state or federal programs and services. More recently, studies have also highlight the role of less advantageous populations. In the study by Edelstein, Hirsch, Frosh, & Kumar (2015), a Medicaid population is examined on its available interventions in an effort to reduce childhood dental carries. The researchers used systems model analysis of the Medicaid population in New York in order to assess the cost savings and disease reduction capacity of nine interventions, which include the following: fluoride varnish application, water fluoridation, fluoride toothpaste, fluoride varnish, medical screening, motivational interviewing, secondary prevention,

In this article, two of these studies are mentioned. One of the studies was conducted in Nepal with a sample size of 976 children from three to nine years of age. Each group received a different treatment for caries, except on group which served as the control group, receiving no treatment. The children that had received the 38% silver diamine application showed a significantly higher amount of arrested caries, and even after the two-year follow-up, still had a notable difference in their amount of arrested caries than those who did not receive that treatment. The other study mentioned in this article took place in China with a sample size of 375 children. In this study, each child was placed into one of five groups. In this study, the children receiving the 38% silver diamine fluoride once a year, had the best results with a higher amount of arrested caries than children that used other treatments, such as sodium fluoride every three months instead of one year. The children that received the sodium fluoride application on their teeth resulted having more arrested caries than the children that received no treatment. However, the silver diamine fluoride was the most effective treatment and required only one application per

This study shows an increasing search volume tendency of dental caries over time in most countries, except for Italy, which seems to remain stable and India and Brazil with a decreasing SV tendency over the years. However, when comparing with the prediction of the next 12-month period there is an overall SV tendency increase, information that may lead us to believe there is an increasing interest for dental caries related information. However, what could help explain this continuous rise in the population’s interest in dental caries information when overall literature manifests a decrease of dental caries across time? First of all, is well known in the literature that thanks to the introduction of fluoride in water and toothpaste, there has been a decline in the prevalence of dental caries in the past decades. (14-16) Several studies

Fluoride is a common cleaning ingredient and method to several oral heath procedures. I will begin by informing them that tooth paste has fluoride in it and state that is why you shouldn’t swallow it. I’ll show them image and ask students if the dentist has ever done anything like that the photo to them while they were there. Fluoride treatments are common with children and they should know why! The last two vocabulary words are very relevant to the students. I’ll start by asking how many students in the classroom have lost all of their teeth (no one should raise their hands). Then I will follow that up by telling them that they still have primary teeth. Ill show the image and tell that that primary teeth (baby teeth) are the teeth we have before we loose them. Ill then show the next image for permeant teeth and tell them that once they begin loosing a lot of teeth, especially in the front, their teeth will begin to look like this. Larger and some times a little crooked. Lastly I will show the video of how they grow their baby teeth and develop into their permeant

You may be wondering when to start using toothpaste. According to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, you can start cleaning your child’s gums with a little toothpaste and a soft cloth before the teeth erupt. You may also use a soft toothbrush that is made for infants. Once the teeth erupt, it is recommended to use a small amount of fluoride toothpaste twice daily. When children are three years, the amount of toothpaste can be increased to a small dollop until the child is able to brush his or her teeth without assistance. Children should be reminded to spit out the excess toothpaste.

Fluoride is widely used as a highly effective anti-caries agent. Fluoride is a systemic and topical application that can be applied in the dental office or used as a at home treatment through toothpaste or mouthwash. Too much digested fluoride can cause effects to teeth but the benefits out weight the effects to an extreme. Another antimicrobial is Chlorhexidine. M.D. Aaron M. Milstone states that “Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial”. It plays a huge role in fighting against gram-positive bacteria and gram- negative bacteria. These are major bacterium found in the dental industry. Chlorhexidine used in dentistry is produced in a mouthwash that decreases bacteria that is inside the oral cavity. It is commonly used to treat gingivitis. The Dentist is the one that prescribed chlorhexidine to patients. The most common side effects of chlorhexidine mouth rinse are intense staining of the teeth and other oral surfaces throughout the oral cavity. Like stated above, the benefits out weights the effects. The last antimicrobial agent to be discussed is Xylitol. Xylitol is used as a natural sweetener that is found in fruits and plants. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of Xylitol food as an additive. Compared to table sugar, xylitol is forty percent lower in calories. Besides the advantage of xylitol being a

While toothpaste is the most common vehicle to carry fluoride, as more than 95% of the population in more economically developed countries use a fluoridated toothpaste, there are other options that can serve the same purpose, so that fluoride can be brought into the mouth at times other than tooth brushing20. Mouthrinse is a widely used oral health product that contain a much simpler formulation compared to dentifrice, and it can lead to higher level oral fluoride retention than fluoride dentifrice, depending on behavioral practices after toothbrushing. However, despite its popularity, indicated by the number of users in countries such as the United States that reach 120 million, fluoride mouthrinse only represent 7% within the mouthrinse

It would be erroneous to ascribe blame to a single individual or entity for the discrepancy in caries experience in children from deprived backgrounds. This issue has a complex and multifactorial underpinning where interactions between the state, responsible for appropriately allocating public resources, and individuals, who should implement effective self-care regimens, give rise to the difference in caries experience observed. Ensuring effective targeting of deprived children, improving access to professional care, and effectively promoting a preventative approach would be paramount in combatting this social gradient in times to

According to the author Sally- Ann Botchey, in 1956 the first fluoridated tooth paste was released in Cincinnati, Ohio with the trade mark name, Crest. The release of this product benefitted countries immensely. “In countries that do not fluoridate drinking water, such as Denmark and Italy, fluoridated toothpastes account for more than 90% of the sales of toothpaste products” (Botchey, 48). Author Andrew W. Campbell supports fluoridated toothpaste as the most successful form of fluoridation based off the conclusions stated in the National Research Council’s 2006 study on fluoride and the following statement made by the Dental Clinics of North America. “Current evidence strongly suggests that fluorides work primarily by topical means through direct action on the teeth and dental plaque. Thus ingestion of fluoride is not essential for caries prevention” (Campbell, 9). Concluding his argument he states that “it is becoming increasingly clear, fluoridating public water supplies is outdated and unnecessary...” (Campbell,

Early childhood caries (ECC), which is commonly known as tooth decay among children younger than 6 years of age, is currently affecting nearly half of the United States 5-year-olds, despite it being highly preventable (Hirsch, Edelstein, Frosh, Anselmo, 2012). No mother wants their children to be prone to dental decay or make them suffer from this disease if it is not necessary. According to Kawashita, Kitamura, Saito, and Corporation (2011), “Children experiencing caries as infants or toddlers have a much greater probability of subsequent caries in both the primary and permanent dentitions.” The problem with early childhood caries starts with lack of parental education and poor oral hygiene. ECC, can be referred to as “baby bottle tooth decay” and many parents don’t realize how detrimental it can be for the baby’s oral health or maybe don’t even realize that they have been putting their baby at risk.

The combined use of biannual fluoride application and high concentration fluoride toothpaste reduced the occurrence and progress of caries measured according to ICDAS system in high caries risk children.

This was apparent with the case of Colgate ' Palmolive introducing a new toothpaste that fights not only cavities but bad breath, yellowing teeth, sensitive gums and also gingivitis.

The focus of this experiment was to test two different types of toothpaste and their ability to inhibit growth of two different types of bacteria. Both toothpastes have the same active ingredients but both have some similar and some dissimilar inactive ingredients. The active ingredient in both Crest Deep Clean Complete and Tom’s Whole Care is 0.24% sodium fluoride. In 1940 Procter & Gamble the founders of Crest toothpaste had to come up with a plan to reduce the number of Americans with tooth decay. So they began to research beneficial ingredients to add to their toothpaste. In the 1940s, Americans were estimated to have over 700 million cavities a year, making dental disease one of the most prevalent of U.S. health problems (Procter &