The Year 1000 Research Paper

My purpose for applying to Master’s degree program in education and my plans after completion of Graduate study at the UP Open University (32 words):

water they used was mostly unclean which lead to many illnesses and sicknesses that were passed from

Society was deprived of the proper sanitation that would of helped prevent most diseases that killed many. The daily routines of commoners contributed to the extension of diseases as those routines were not very hygienic. For example, people emptied their bodily waste into cesspits, which “served as a breeding grounds for fatal diseases” (Catcher); people rarely changed their clothes as they usually only had an outfit for each season; and peasants had to use dried leaves as toilet paper. During their menstrual cycle, women had to use tampons and pads made up of “old rags and cloths wrapped around naturally absorbent moss” (Catcher), which can lead to infections in the genitals as the

On the other end of the society scale, the working poor were working and living in unbearable conditions. There were no irrigation systems, running water or any way of preserving hygiene in the homes or the factories. The working poor lived in slums and tenements which were breeding grounds for diseases. In the book, “The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844” by Friedrich Engels, he states, “...at the end of the covered passage, a privy without a door, so dirty that the inhabitants can pass into and out of the court only by passing through foul pools of stagnant urine and excrement.” (page 78)1. This gives us a peek into the horrible unsanitary conditions that the working class were forced to endure while the business owners were living in beautiful mansions and summer houses.

During Ancient times, cure and prevention of illness and disease were not very well developed – people would blame their ill health on Gods, witches, demons or other supernatural causes. They had many theories, such as God punishing them for their sins.

I have tried my utmost best in all my courses; both high school and college courses. I made it my responsibility to take challenging classes that are taught by rigorous and strict teachers that will give me an understanding of the real world and college; there will be no exceptions. However, my academic record does not describe my character as a student adequately. For History 102, I was on track to receive an A for the class after the final, but my older brother sadly died, and I could not complete the course. I am going to retake the

Most peasants and serfs lived in small villages of windowless thatched wooden huts. It would not be too bad if the people knew of sanitation. They dumped their wastes into rivers from which they drank. They also dumped them into nearby fields where livestock graze and livestock slept under the same roof as the people. Washing was a similar problem. People rarely washed themselves or their clothes. Fleas lice and other vermin were part of life and to be endured with. Most rats were ignored which was not good because they were major carriers of the disease.

During the fourteenth century, knowledge of germs and the spread of illnesses was almost nonexistent. Bathing and washing occurred infrequently for average civilians, allowing fleas to run rampant. The housing that many peasants had was roofed with

Alchin, Linda. “Elizabethan Medicine and Illnesses. ” Elizabethan Medicine and Illnesses. Web. 04 Apr. 2016

These sanitary problems and lack of nutrition allowed tons of diseases to get into the weak body.

In 1309 any one dumping on the streets were fined and the fines were not enforced and little for their culture was done other than pay the fines to collect the money and the rich London Aires were glad to receive those cash. There were three professions to clean the dirty cities of London. The task was consequently messy and harmful to the health of the workers. The worker was to take the filthy trash and waste outside of the city however, most of it was taken to other people land.

The healthcare systems during this time were not very "healthy". Hospitals were filthy and overcrowded; with many people often being crowded two to a bed. This closeness of sick people, with already weak immune systems would also lead to even more sickness and death. The Hospitals themself were also dirty and doctors would reuse equipment that was still carrying traces of viruses and bacteria. Their neglectful practices lead to more sickness and death among those who seek out medical care. Surgeons also practiced experimental techniques on their patients, which were sometimes fatal. One example would be the cauterization of amputated limbs and the amputation of limbs with dirty tools, which often resulted in infections and soon after that death.

Mortimer finally states that life in the 14th century was very unhealthy in such a way that if you got sick or hurt, you would suffer more overall in Medieval England (Mortimer 190).

In the words of Anne Bradstreet, “If we had no winter, the spring would not be so pleasant: if we did not sometimes taste of adversity, prosperity would not be so welcome.” As writers of the modern era expressed their hardships through poetry, one can only hope that they kept such advice in mind. Through captivating works, poets such as Langston Hughes, Edwin Arlington Robinson, Robert Frost, and E.E. Cummings expressed the struggles of life during the modern era. By examining what these poets have to say about dissatisfaction with life, feelings of inadequacy, and loneliness, it becomes clear that life during the modern era was full of hardships.