The aim of this paper is, firstly, to recall the basic concepts of SCADA (Supervisory Control and

The upgrade project consisted of the design & construction of a new Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system to eventually replace the existing legacy Honeywell/Experion system and equipment which is nearing the end of its life cycle. The new chemical sludge handling PLC, incorporates hot standby Siemens S7400H processors utilising a Media Redundancy Protocol (MRP) remote Input/Output (RIO) network allowing simultaneous PLC and network failure without process interruption.

A Power system is an connection of generators to load centres. Through H.V. electrical lines & in general is controlled mechanically. It can be divided into 3 subsystems: Generation, X’mission and Distribution-systems. The electric power demand is Growing and building of new generating units & transmission circuits is becoming difficult because of environmental & economic reasons. So, power utilities are forced to depend on utilization of existing generating units and to load existing lines close to their heating limits.

if an attacker manages to enter the SCADA network, it will be difficult to carry out any sort of attack. The monitoring

| 1. Install, replace and repair lighting fixtures and electrical control and distribution equipment 2. Connect electrical power to sound and visual communication equipment 3. Test completation of circuits in electrical wiring, equipment and fixtures, using testing devices and ensure compatibility and safety of system

The smart distribution transformer and its controllers were evaluated through simulations using PLECS simulation platform. The system specifications used to design the simulation model are given in Table 3.

the entire application life cycle and controls all Relion protection at all voltage levels. This

NextEra power plants contain a large population of transmitters and positioners that provide sensor feedback to the digital process control systems that allow for the generation of power for the bulk electric system. The design of NextEra power plants has multiple transmitters for critical applications that are configured with two or three transmitter selection schemes. These transmitters and positioners were installed when the sites were initially constructed and are upgraded when they fail or when they are no longer accurate. The typical useful life of these instruments for NextEra Energy is 15 to 20 years. Depending on the date of manufacture by the instrument supplier; these devices have very little capability to implement the NERC CIP security measures. These transmitters are not redundant; they are configured in a manner that will allow one of the two other

Many may consider that the exploration of the television distribution systems is not related to traditional IT components. However, many elements of the traditional television distribution facility are changing to using IT components, and the identification and analysis methods use a similar analysis approach. This paper’s content will concentrate on the issue of exploring how to move the network to an alternative distribution location.

Problem statement: As the characteristics of the distribution network and high volume power electronics penetration into the network are significantly different from the conventional power system, several issues are raised. Some of the issues, which are a promising field for future research, are described shortly below:

Table 2 identifies the controls applicable to Sentara IT System. The security controls are illustrated using various colour codes and identified by the following convention:

LP&L has 1 Control Center located at the Distribution office that contains the SCADA system.

1. Abstract The purpose of this paper is to define what SCADA systems are and their application in modern industry and infrastructure, to elucidate the reasons for rising concern over the security of these systems, to analyze the fundamental vulnerabilities and to put forth recommendations for the implementation of security in these systems.

The 220/66/11 kV SRS Chitradurga substation located near Chitradurga, old Bangalore road, Karnataka, India has been chosen for adequacy analysis. This SRS substation as a capacity of 220kV and it is step down to 66 and 11 kV using step down transformers. The single line diagram of 220/66/11 kV SRS Chitradurga substation is shown in the figure 5.1

Using Matlab, it was possible to accurately simulate the voltage profile of the sample distribution feeder using an iterative process. After simulating several various scenarios, some apparent problems arose. In any of the simulated cases, without the use of a voltage

In order to understanding the function of relays, software relay models must be realized and feasible alternative to studying the performance of protective relays. Relay models have been long used in a variety of tasks, such as designing new relaying algorithms, optimizing relay settings. Electric power utilities use compute-based relay models to confirm how the relay would perform during systems disturbances and normal operating conditions and to make the necessary corrective adjustment on the relay settings. [3][4]. One of the world-wide recognized, powerful analysis software package, is a MATLAB/SIMULINK, which has the capability for modeling, simulating and analyzing dynamic systems using SimPowerSystems toolbox, in side Simulink package, different parts of a system such as three phase transformer, three phase load, distributed parameters line, circuit breaker, etc can