The fifth cranial nerve out of 12 is known as the trigeminal nerve. Cranial nerves are located in

There are 12 Cranial Nerves which all serve a very important purpose within each and every one of our bodies. The twelve cranial nerves are Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, and last but certain not least Hypoglossal. Each nerve plays a different role for example the Olfactory nerve gives sense to smell, and the Optic nerve gives us sense of vision. The Oculomotor give us the motor skills to adjust the size of our pupils, raise our eyelids, etc. This particular nerve is also parasympathetic to the pupil, which causes accommodation as well as constriction. Another nerve that has to do with our motor skills is the Trochlear nerve, which allows the eye

The trigeminal and facial cranial nerves at first seem to be tangled muscle and nerves. When actually they only get that way because of where they came from, and because they had previous function in our ancestors. There are 12 Cranial nerves that come from the brain. These nerves control our facial expressions and all basic actions of the face. The trigeminal and facial cranial nerves are the two cranial nerves that are the source for this misconception of chaos, for the have “very complex functions and take tortuous paths through the head to do their job” (Shubin

An aneurysm is a weakening or dilation of the blood vessel wall. If the aneurysm burst it is considered a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Aneurysms occur most commonly along the aorta or in the brain. For the purpose of this paper, brain aneurysms will be the main focus. Aneurysms are life threatening, especially in the case of a rupture. Therefore it is important that healthcare workers have an understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic test, and the therapeutic management of these cases. This is a brief description of this, however research in treatment along with other areas is still being conducted.

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), is a “classical” facial pain syndrome produce secondary to herpes zoster virus “reactivation” that may become chronic and recurrent and is probably one of the most common causes of craniofacial pain. TN is usually characterized by unilateral pain. This pain follows the nerve sensory anatomical distribution (cranial nerve V, radiating to the mandibular or maxillary region in 30% of affected patients) and is commonly accompanied by a brief/transitory facial tic or spasm. TN produces attacks of stabbing unilateral craniofacial pain, most frequent on the right side. The number of episodes and vary from less than one attack per day to twelve or more every hour and up to hundreds every

Cranial Nerve Palsy is defined as damage to the cranial nerves or their branches. It is caused by a number of medical conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, trauma, rise in intracranial pressure, multiple sclerosis, stroke, lumbar puncture, and neurosyphilis. There are twelve cranial nerves, and each of them can have a malfunction happen to cause some type of damage. These nerves go directly from the brain to various parts of the head, neck, and trunk, and some of them are involved in the special senses (such as sight, sound, touch, and taste). Others control muscles in the face and regulate the glands in the body. The nerves are named and numbered according to their location, and the order in which they are named and numbered is from the front of the brain to the back.

Cranial Nerve II (Occipital nerve) is also sensory and conveys visual input. Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor), IV (Trochlear) and VI (Abducens) control eye movement. Nerves III ,IV and VI are motor types of nerves. The oculomotor nerve (III) moves the eye and raises the eyelids as well as adjusts the lens and pupils of the eye. The Trochlear nerve (IV) controls the movement of the eyeball. The Abducens nerve (VI) moves the eyeballs outward. Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal) is mixed (a mix of motor and sensory) and is divided into 3 parts: ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular. This nerve controls the muscles of the face associated with chewing. Cranial Nerve V also controls feelings of the skin including pain and temperature. Cranial Nerve VII (Facial) is also mixed and controls facial movements. The facial nerve also controls saliva and tear

Evaluation of the prognosis of recovery of the nerve injury should be first established before management could be done conservatively or using a surgical approach.

The condition is usually treated with carbamazepine or other anticonvulsant medications, although surgical management has also been used in recalcitrant cases. Diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia is based primarily on a history of characteristic pain attacks that are consistent with specific, widely accepted research and clinical criteria. For most patients

Aneurysms are a ballooning and weak area in the wall of an artery that supplies blood to the brain. They can burst at any moment and cause a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which is bleeding under the layer of brain coverings called the arachnoid. This can cause increased intracranial pressure which can lead to a stroke or even death if they aren’t discovered in time. They most commonly occur in the Circle of Willis in the anterior cerebral artery.

CTS is the most common entrapment neuropathy in the United States and is responsible for a large number of lost workdays. 1 There are 3.5 new cases of CTS per 1000 people in the USA every year, and about 2.1% of the population has this condition at any point in time. 1 About 70% of cases occur in women, and people who are obese are 2.5x more likely to develop CTS. 1,2 Most people are diagnosed between the ages of 30 and 50. 1

Intracranial aneurysms are the cerebrovascular disorder to at least 1.5 times its normal diameter due to endothelial cells losing its elastic and function on the cerebrovascular wall. The most common location for the intracranial aneurysms is at bifurcation points of major arteries which called Circle of Wills at the base of the brain. The intracranial aneurysms, also known as berry aneurysms because of its typical saccular shape, occur in 1-2% of the population, the higher incidence rate in elderly patients aged 60 or older. A subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of intracranial aneurysms induces several symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, visual disturbance and so on, more seriously, leads to stroke. In United States, 1 case per 10000

On the 19th December the patient was transferred from Daisy Hill Hospital to a specialist Neurosurgical unit in the Royal Victoria Hospital. On admission to the neurosurgical unit the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was 14/15 and she had no neurological deficits with the nerve, spinal cord, or brain function, although she was still complaining of neck stiffness and pain in head. Although the CT scans showed no evidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage, due to her very strong history the patient was referred for further imaging through angiogram techniques. This included use of catheters inserted under the skin to provide a contrast material which was detected through the use of magnetic resonance imaging scans (M.R.I). The results for these again showed no evidence of a recent bleed.

Brain aneurysms are caused by weak blood vessels that balloon and fill with blood which can fatally rupture. Once an aneurysm has ruptured, emergency surgery is needed to prevent the patient from suffering a subarachnoid hemorrhage, a fatal type of stroke. The insertion of a detachable embolic coil can prevent rupturing of aneurysms and the need for emergency surgery. A technical study was conducted which used an experimental model constructed in the necks of swine to simulate a specific type of brain aneurysm (1). A combination of stents and Guglielmi Detachable Coils were then inserted to inhibit the fatal bleeding into the brain. This research concluded that the Guglielmi Detachable embolic coil is a high impact device because it can

Endovascular embolization of cerebral aneurysms with coils is currently a widely-used treatment modality. However, many problems concerning the disease and the coiling remain obscure and are not well testified. There are continuous debates about the best treatment modality of intracranial aneurysms. One of the major shortcomings of endovascular coiling is the recurrence of intracranial aneurysm. Regardless of advances in endovascular embolization techniques, late coil compaction and recanalization may often lead in inadequately packed aneurysms. The calculation of packing density during an operation and the precise measurement of aneurysm size are very important to achieve an adequate coil packing. The long-term outcome of endovascular coiling

And measurements using the computer showed the CT scan sections at the maximum and minimum of aneurysm. Luminal thrombus and arch of blood vessels wall is covered by thrombus (TARC). And increase the AAA leads to the high probability of rapid expansion and should weigh in before the early surgical intervention.