The first step in data analysis involved carrying out frequency distributions and cross-tabulations

Income and wealth distribution: comparing the differences in levels of income and wealth between different social groups help measure inequalities in society. The income is a regular flow of money earned by someone working or from someone’s benefits, pension or their savings. Wealth is defined on property, shares or other belongings that could be sold to make an income. This is very hard to measure accurately and to

1.1 Describe expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years.

6. Using IBM® SPSS® software, create a frequency table to summarize the data on the educational level variable. Copy and paste the output from IBM® SPSS® into this worksheet.

The chi-square test will also include the Cramer’s V test to see the strength of the relationships. Another addition to the analytic strategy is using crosstabs where it can determine both variables such as the mother who spanked or slapped their child at least once to the child applying to college. The analysis will also include a bivariate table and a trivariate table to see if there is more of a significant difference of the variables. All the frequencies and procedures of the data are determine by using

The Gini coefficient is the most widely used measure of inequality, comparing the dispersion of income throughout a nations citizens. Over the past few years the Canadian Gini coefficient has been steadily increasing. In a study completed by Picot, G and Hou, F of Statistics Canada it was found that “Income inequality typically rises in recessions, as it did in the early 1980s and 1990s, and therefore might be expected to fall in economic expansions. But this did not occur in the late 1990s’ expansion, and this period instead displayed the largest rise income inequality in the past three decades.” This rise in income inequality continues to burden Canadian residents, increasing social determents of health within the country.

The LIM (Low Income Measure) is closely associated with an individual’s health status and developmental outcomes. Additionally, the article notes that there should be further ways to measure poverty that emphasizes on social and material deprivation of poverty rates in groups such as those that are indigenous, racialized, immigrants and other marginalized divisions. The article states that LIMAT( low income

Canada is regarded as one of the wealthiest industrialized countries in the world. This indication is contrary to the well-being reality affecting Canadians. Despite being part of the Organization for Economic Co-operation Development (OECD), Canada has lagged behind her otherwise wealthy counterparts in the industrialized countries being position 19 out of 22 nations (Breznitz and Zysman, 2013). This has been attributed to the precarious levels of poverty in a majority of Canadian households. The country has not recognized any official poverty measurement although other universal measures such as LICO is used for measuring relative poverty, a more determinable measure of poverty for wealthy countries.

In order to determine if a relationship exists between the number of female student taking advanced math and level parenting, researchers collected data using a sample population of female high school students. A crosstabulation was conducted to measure the statistics of the sample data. As outlined in figure 1, 13.1% of female students took some advance math classes. 70% of which were raised were raised primarily by their father. 23.1% of the overall sample were reared primarily by their fathers only. According to the crossbar analysis, the x^2 value = Pearson x^2 (1, N=130) = 9.83. Therefore, the strength of the relationship between female students taking advanced mathematics courses and level of parenting is

When refer to define poverty, the difference between the traditional unidimensional approach and contemporary multidimensional approach for the measurement of poverty should be considered. While only one variable is submitted in terms of the traditional approach, for example, consumption or income, multidimensional approach, for example, Sen’s capability theory, expands the amount of dimensions alongside which poverty is determined. The multifaceted reality of poverty, conversely, makes it tricky to confine the essence of this experience by means of a single uni- or multidimensional approaches for measurement (Fusco, 2003).

There are three components that must be looked at before carrying on. They are: poverty, social inequality, and relative depravation. Poverty is defined according to an economic standard. The income deemed necessary to meet basic

A researcher must think about the data collection and sample size in the early stages of the research process because it will affect the way the researcher analyzes the data. There are two main reasons a researcher should do it in the early stages. The first one is that the researcher cannot apply just any technique to any variable. The other one is the size and nature of your sample are likely to impose limitations on the kinds of techniques you can use (Bryman 2008).

In recent decades, academics, policymakers and non-governmental organizations have placed greater focus on establishing more comprehensive metrics of well-being and development ##. Measures of national welfare have conventionally centered on a fairly narrow band of economic considerations, such as gross domestic product (GDP) and employment rate. Poverty and wellbeing are now widely understood as multifaceted concepts which cannot be adequately described through measurements of income alone. Economists and development experts are faced with the challenge of constructing metrics to distill the various components of wellbeing into an easily comparable index. The following summarizes the most salient contemporary methods of index construction and provide a brief overview of their strengths and weaknesses.

The household having less than RM 398(less than half of the poverty line) is called hardcore poor, household earning equal to RM 398 but less than 663 is called overall poor and more than RM 663 is called non-poor. The best performing state in terms of lowest incidence of overall poverty (0.9) with no hardcore poor followed by KL (2.6) and JB (8.1) inclusive of hardcore and overall poor. While less developed states- KB, KT, and AS, KB experiences the highest incidence of poverty hardcore poor and overall poor of 33.7 followed by KT (23.4) and AS (14). On the other hand, Sabah and Sarawak are worst performing states reported in 9MP and his survey data. The author suggests that as far as poverty reduction is concerned Sabah and Sarawak are still the worst among all other regions states in Malaysia in 2007. The poverty is gender bias is a universal when hardcore poverty is concerned. In terms of hardcore and overall poverty, the female –headed households are more likely to be poorer by 50 percent compared the male-headed households. The higher dependency of more members on a few incomes of earners in the households also creates a constraint on resources allocation by the poor households. Approximately 60 percent of poor household’s more than two members depend on the income of one earner. The lower dependency has implication for the ability of the poor households to hold out poverty at times

Hayati D. Et al., ( 2004) however recognizes that there is yet another group of researchers who think that both qualitative and quantitative approaches can be used simultaneously to answer a research question. For example, Poverty Measurement Index (PMI) is one such index. The PMI explicitly accommodates the multidimensionality of poverty. In the PMI construction process, poverty is viewed as a multidimensional and complex socio-economic state that relates to many aspects of household living.

3. Computerized selection of the poorest households based on a ranking system using Proxy Means Test developed for the program.